清民之际教育变革的另类风景——《世态与心态——晚清、民国士人日记阅读札记》所引发的学术思考

The Alternative Scenery of Education Reform during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China:Academic Reflection on Ways of the World and Mentality:Reading Notes of Diaries of Scholars in the Late Qing and Republic of China

田正平所著《世态与心态——晚清、民国士人日记阅读札记》聚焦于现代中国转型时代的“教育变革”,提供了理解清民之际日记资料的教育学视角,为反思现代中国整体历史发展进程打开了新视窗。尤其是对刘大鹏面对教育变革时的心理及应对情绪的分析、将胡适视为为国族寻求出路的精英与教育家角色的定位,以及对竺可桢作为一代大学领袖高尚品格与精神向度的展现,都显明作者把握住了作为社会分层和个体学养形成中具有枢纽性意义的教育环节的重要作用。从后设视角来看,在处理日记这类特殊史料时,应具备跨学科的视野和意识,参证各类材料,才能呈现新问题;而对个案的考察也应摒弃过于主观的思维旧习,还原个体存在的历史语境,客观呈现他们的内心世界,此外,对清民之际知识精英们的省思不能仅停留在思想的还原层面,还需继续追问他们所承担的社会职责和历史使命,其思想的职守及特殊的历史情境对于这一思想完形的造就作用。

The book Ways of the World and Mentality:Reading Notes on Diaries of Scholars in the Late Qing and Republic of China focuses on the“educational reform”during the times of social transformation in modern China,it provides a pedagogical perspective of understanding diary materials during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,and opens a new window for reflection on the overall process of modern China.Especially the analysis of Liu Dapeng’s psychology and emotional response in face of the educational reform,the positioning of Hu Shi as an elite and educator seeking a way out for the nation,and the display of Zhu Kezhen’s noble character and spiritual dimension as a generation of university leaders,all this shows that the author has grasped the important role of education as a pivotal link in the formation of social stratification and individual learning.From a meta-perspective,when dealing with special historical materials such as diaries,one should have an interdisciplinary vision and awareness,and refer to various materials to present new problems;the investigation of individual cases should also abandon the old habits of thinking of overly subjective,restore the historical context of individual existence,and objectively present their inner world,in addition,reflects on the intellectual elites during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China should not stay at the level of thought restoration,it needs to continue to inquire about their social responsibilities and historical missions,the duty of their thought and the unique historical context in shaping the thought.