新入侵害虫葡萄花翅小卷蛾的生物学特性

The biological characteristics of a new invasive pest,Lobesia botrana

【目的】掌握新入侵我国的进境植物检疫性害虫葡萄花翅小卷蛾在吐鲁番市的生物学特性及种群周年发生规律,为其综合防治提供理论依据。【方法】在田间以性引诱剂定点监测、野外网室笼罩饲养以及室内人工饲养相结合的方法,观察葡萄花翅小卷蛾生活习性及其种群发生规律。【结果】该虫在我国新疆吐鲁番市1 a发生5代,以蛹在葡萄藤皮下越冬。越冬蛹翌年3月底—4月初(葡萄开墩)开始羽化,4月上旬为羽化高峰期(清明节前后),中旬为羽化末期。越冬代成虫将卵产于花芽上,4月中旬第1代幼虫开始孵化;第1代成虫于5月中旬开始羽化,5月下旬羽化结束;第2代成虫于6月下旬开始出现,7月上旬为羽化高峰期;第3代成虫于7月底开始羽化,8月上旬为羽化高峰期;第4代成虫于8月底开始羽化,9月上旬为羽化高峰期;越冬代幼虫10月上旬开始化蛹越冬,大部分幼虫更趋向于在老树的藤皮下化蛹。成虫的飞行、取食、交配、产卵等行为多发生在黄昏。越冬代成虫将卵产于葡萄花序萼片以及花蕾上;第1~3代成虫将卵产于葡萄果实表面,第4代成虫将卵产于葡萄二次开的花絮上,卵单产,单雌产卵量为20~40粒左右。第1代幼虫取食葡萄花絮,第2~4代幼虫危害葡萄果实,并有自相残杀的习性,糖醋液(红糖∶醋∶酒∶水=6∶3∶1∶10)对成虫有一定的诱杀效果。【结论】该虫在吐鲁番1 a发生5代,各世代划分明显,越冬代发生数量最大,无世代重叠现象,随温度升高各世代和虫态的发育历期缩短,幼虫在葡萄整个生长季节均造成危害,第3、4代幼虫危害成熟果实,引起果实大量腐烂并造成严重经济损失。

【Aim】In this study,we sought to determine the biological characteristics and annual population occurrence of the moth Lobesia botrana(Denis et Schiffermuller),a newly invasive plant quarantine pest in China,and to provide a theoretical basis for its integrated control.【Method】We examined the living habits of L.botrana and the regularity of population occurrence in the field by means of fixed-point monitoring using sex pheromone attractants,enclosed rearing in the field,and artificial rearing indoors.【Result】At the study site in Turpan,Xinjiang,China,the moth annually completes five generations.During winter,it overwinters as a pupae beneath the bark of grape vines.Overwintering pupae commence emergence from the end of March to the beginning of April,coinciding with the opening of grape buds,with peak emergence occurring in early April,around the time of Tomb-Sweeping Day,and approaches completion by mid-April.During this time,overwintering adults lay eggs on flower buds.The first generation of larvae commences hatching in mid-April,and first-generation adults start emerging in mid-May,with the period of emergence ending in late May.Second-generation adults start to appear in late June,with peak emergence occurring in early July,whereas third-generation adults emerge at the end of July,with a peak emergence in early August,and fourth-generation adults emerge at the end of August,with a peak emergence in early September.In early October,the larvae of the subsequent overwintering generation begin to pupate,with most larvae preferentially pupating beneath the bark of old vine trees.Adult insects mostly engage in flying,feeding,mating,and oviposition behaviors during dusk.Overwintering adult females lay eggs on the sepals and buds of grape inflorescences.The first-to third-generation females oviposit on the surface of grape fruits,whereas fourth-generation females oviposit on the tidbits of grape secondary openings.A single female lays between approximately 20 and 40 eggs.The first-generation larvae feed on grape tidbits,whereas those of the second to fourth generations cause damage to grape fruits and exhibit cannibalistic behavior.In terms of control,a sweet and sour solution comprising a mixture of brown sugar,vinegar,wine,and water(6∶3∶1∶10)has been proven to have certain trapping and killing effects on adults.【Conclusion】In Turpan,there are five discrete non-overlapping generations of L.botrana within a single year.The overwintering generation is the largest in terms of population size.The duration of development for each generation and the different stages of the insect′s life cycle shorten as the air temperature increases.The larvae pose a threat during the entire growing season of grapes,with the larvae of the third and fourth generations causing damage to ripened fruits,resulting in significant fruit decay and substantial economic losses.