24Model与LCM原因因素定义对比研究

Comparative study on definition of cause factors between 24Model and LCM

为探究损失致因模型(LCM)原因因素定义与事故致因“2-4”模型(24Model)存在的异同和优缺点,梳理2个模型各层面原因和结果的定义,对比定义内容及其对事故原因分析等安全实务的指导作用,并以一起瓦斯爆炸事故为例加以实证分析,获得二者分析结果之间的差异。研究结果表明:LCM是首个将管理因素纳入事故致因分析的一维事件序列模型,可明确各层面原因因素的定义和因素间的逻辑关系,但部分定义存在交叉重复的问题,并没有揭示安全工作指导思想等深层次事故致因因素;24Model作为系统性事故致因模型,对各类因素的定义均以组织为主体,描述事件、事故、安全的概念内涵,划分个体安全动作、安全能力和组织安全管理体系的类别并给出含义解析,探究组织安全文化层面的问题并以32个元素体现;2个模型的事故原因分析方法均建立在对各层级原因因素定义的基础上,并适用于模型理论体系本身。

In order to explore the similarities and differences,advantages and disadvantages between the definition of cause factors in LCM and the 24Model,a review of the definition of causes and results at various levels for both models was conducted.The definition content and its guidance role in safety practices,focusing on accident causation analysis,were compared.An empirical analysis was conducted using a coal mine gas explosion accident as an example to identify differences in the analysis results between the two models.The research shows that LCM is the first one-dimensional event sequence model that incorporates management factors into accident causation analysis.It provides clear definitions of cause factors at various levels and their logical relationships.However,LCM has issues with overlapping and repetitive definitions of causal factors and fails to reveal deeper accident cause factors such as guiding principles for safety work.24Model,as a systematic accident causation model,predominantly defines various factors in terms of the organization.It describes the concepts of events,accidents,and safety,categorizing individual safety acts,safety capabilities,and organizational safety management systems,providing meanings and explanations.It explores organizational safety culture and reflects it with 32 elements.Both models'accident causation analysis methods are built on the definitions of cause factors at different levels and are applicable to their respective theoretical frameworks.