不同比例中药渣对基质理化性质及生姜生长的影响

Effects of Different Proportions of Traditional Chinese Medicine Residues on Physical and Chemical Properties of Substrate and Growth of Ginger

生姜既可食用又可药用,国内外市场需求量大,栽培面积逐年上升,但在传统的连年栽培方式下出现了品质下降等问题,制约了生姜产业的健康发展。而中药渣的处理目前主要采用简单堆放、填埋或焚烧等处理,容易造成资源浪费和环境污染。为促进中药渣的资源化利用开发和提升生姜栽培品质,采用粤北韶关本地的生姜品种小黄姜为试验材料,在5个不同配比的中药渣基质栽培过程中研究中药渣对基质理化性质及生姜前期生长的影响。结果表明,20%~80%中药渣处理可提高基质的温度、降低基质容重和增大基质孔隙度、提高部分微量元素含量,促进土壤矿质营养的吸收与转化,促进生姜提前出苗、提高生姜出苗率、株高、茎粗、分蘖数和生姜叶片数等。说明基质中添加中药渣能有效改善基质的理化性状,进而促进生姜的生长,为后续生姜块茎的膨大和提高产量奠定基础。其中,60%~80%的中药渣配比的处理效果最为理想。

Ginger(Zingiber of ficinale Rosc.),both edible and medicinal,the domestic and foreign market demand is large,the cultivation area is increasing year by year,but in the traditional cultivation method,there are problems such as quality decline,restricting the healthy development of ginger industry.At present,the treatment of Chinese medicine residues mainly adopts simple stacking,landfill or incineration,which is easy to cause resource waste and environmental pollution.Combining with the development of the resource utilization of Chinese medicinal residue and the need of improving the cultivation quality of ginger,Xiaohuangjiang,a local ginger variety in Shaoguan,the northern of Guangdong Province,was used as the experimental material to study the effects of Chinese medicinal residue on the physicochemical properties of the substrate and the early growth of ginger in the cultivation process of 5 different proportions of Chinese medicinal residue.The results showed that the treatment of 20%-80%Chinese herb residue could improved the temperature of the matrix,reduced the bulk density of the matrix,increased the porosity of the matrix,increased the content of some trace elements,promoted the absorption and transformation of soil mineral nutrients,promoted the early emergence of ginger,increased the emergence rate of ginger,plant height,stem diameter,tillering number and the number of ginger leaves.The results indicated that the addition of Chinese herb residue in the substrate could effectively improve the physicochemical properties of the substrate,promote the growth of ginger,and lay a foundation for the expansion of the subsequent ginger tuber and increase the yield.Among them,the treatment effect of 60%-80%of the proportion of Chinese medicine residue is the most ideal.