文明互鉴:中国自主知识体系建构的重要意识

Mutual Learning Among Civilizations:The Crucial Awareness in Constructing China's Independent Knowledge System

自晚清民初西方学术传入中国以来,基于西方话语体系和学术体系建构的文科知识体系近乎主导了中国文科百年以来的构建进程。在这百余年间,如何重塑中国哲学社会科学的知识体系,重建中国理论话语一直都是世纪之题,是一代又一代中国学人孜孜以求力图解决的目标,而“建构中国自主知识体系”命题的提出引发了又一轮激烈的研讨。文章指出中国自主知识体系的建构不仅要立足中国实际、中国经验,更需要将中国文化放置于“文明互鉴”的视野下审视西方经验、西方实践以及西方理论。通过史实的梳证可知,包括“浪漫主义”“意象派”“新批评”“生态伦理批评”等诸多英美文论的形成明显汲取了来自中国文化哲学的元素。以此延展,文章提出了中外文论互鉴史研究、文论他国化变异研究、比较诗学变异研究等以中国为视角、以中国理论为建构方法的新领域,提出属于自身的标志性概念、创新性问题。做到知识自主,更要做到阐释自主,才能解决话语问题,解决人文社会科学“说不出”“不想说”“不敢说”的“卡嗓子”难题。

Since the late Qing and early Republic of China,the construction of knowledge in the humanities,grounded in Western discourse and academic frameworks,has exerted profound influence on the shaping of Chinese humanities over the past century.Over this span,the century-old quandary of how to reconstruct the knowledge system in Chinese philosophy and social sciences and reinstate Chinese theoretical discourse has been relentlessly pursued by generations of Chinese intellectuals.The proposition of"constructing China's independent knowledge system"has engendered a renewed and fervent discourse.This article posits that the establishment of an independent knowledge system necessitates grounding in Chinese reality and experience,coupled with a scrutiny of Western experience,practices,and theories within the context of"Mutual Learning among Civilizations."Through a meticulous historical examination,including the formations of Western literary theories such as"Romanticism,""Imagism,""New Criticism,""Deconstruction,"and"Ecological Ethical Criticism,"it becomes apparent that these have notably absorbed elements from Chinese cultural philosophy.Building upon this analysis,the article advocates for new domains such as the historiography of Sino-Western literary theory interaction,exploration of the internationalization and mutation of literary theory,and investigation into comparative poetics,all from a Chinese vantage point and utilizing Chinese theory as a foundational methodology.It introduces distinctive concepts and innovative inquiries,emphasizing not only knowledge autonomy but also interpretative sovereignty.This dual emphasis is pivotal for addressing discourse intricacies and surmounting the challenges in the humanities and social sciences characterized by the"articulation difficulties"of"cannot say,""do not want to say,"and"dare not say."