施用猪粪水对青脆李果实品质和产量、土壤中微生物群落与抗生素耐药基因的影响

Effects of pig manure application on fruit quality and yield of green crisp plum,soil microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes

【目的】为了解猪粪浇灌对青脆李果实品质和产量、土壤性质、土壤中微生物群落与抗生素耐药基因的影响。【方法】以5年生青脆李作试材,设置猪粪水按不同比例(100%、75%、50%、25%、0%)替代化肥田间试验,通过单果重、单果横径等外观指标,李子每667 m^(2)产量,维生素C、可溶性固形物等果实品质指标测定,分析不同施肥处理对青脆李果实品质和产量的影响;基于土壤中pH、有机质含量等理化指标测定,分析不同施肥处理对李树土壤理化性质的影响;基于Illumina Hiseq 4000测序平台对李树土壤宏基因组测序,分析猪粪水浇灌对土壤中微生物群落变化、抗生素耐药基因分布的影响。【结果】不同施肥处理青脆李果实品质和产量研究结果表明,“75%猪粪+25%化肥”“50%猪粪+50%化肥”处理青脆李果实外观品质均较优,“50%猪粪+50%化肥”处理青脆李每667 m^(2)产量最高。不同施肥处理对李树土壤理化性质的研究结果显示,各处理间有机质、碱解氮等理化指标均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。宏基因组测序分析结果显示,“100%猪粪”组中的优势菌群为放线菌,而其余4组的优势菌群均为假单胞菌门;共鉴定39个抗生素本体(ARO),随着猪粪水用量的减少,土壤样品中检出ARO种类、ARO相对丰度和均呈依次递减趋势。【结论】本研究条件下,猪粪水部分替代化肥为青脆李树施肥是可行的,且以“50%猪粪+50%化肥”进行施肥最佳。

【Objective】The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of pig manure irrigation on the quality and yield of green crisp plum,soil properties,soil microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes.【Method】The five⁃year⁃old green crisp plum trees were used as the test materials,and the field experiments were conducted with pig manure water replacing chemical fertilizers at different ratios(100%,75%,50%,25%,0%).The effects of different fertilization treatments on the quality and yield of green crisp plum were evalua⁃ted based on appearance indicators such as single fruit weight and single fruit diameter,as well as fruit quality indicators such as vitamin C and soluble solids.The effects of different fertilization treatments on the physical and chemical properties of the soil under the plum tree were analyzed based on physicochemical indicators such as pH and organic matter content.The Illumina Hiseq 4000 sequencing platform was used to sequence the macrogenome of the soil under the plum tree,and the effects of pig manure irrigation on changes in soil microbial communi⁃ties and the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes were analyzed.【Result】The results of the study on the quality and yield of green crisp plum under different fertilization treatments showed that the‘75%pig manure+25%chemical fertilizer’and the‘50%pig manure+50%chemical fertilizer’treatments had better appearance quality of green crisp plum,and the‘50%pig manure+50%chemical fertiliz⁃er’treatment had the highest yield per 667 m^(2).The results of the study on the physical and chemical properties of the soil under the plum tree showed that there were no significant differences in organic matter,available nitrogen,and other physicochemical indicators among the different treatments(P>0.05).The results of the metagenome sequencing analysis showed that the dominant bacterial group in the‘100%pig manure’group was Actinobacteria,while the dominant bacterial groups in the other four groups were Pseudomonas;A total of 39 antibiot⁃ics(ARO)were identified,and the species and relative abundance of ARO in soil samples decreased with the decrease of water consumption in pig manure.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of the study,it is feasible to partially replace fertilizer with pig manure water to fertilize green plum tree,and‘50%pig manure+50%fertilizer’is the best fertilizer.