一线医务工作者的心理应激反应、影响因素及干预策略的研究进展:以新冠感染疫情为例

Research progress on psychological stress response,influencing factors and intervention strategies of front-line medical workers:taking the COVID-19 as an example

通过检索国内外新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控一线医务工作者心理健康相关文献,系统总结并分析一线医务工作者的心理应激反应、影响因素及干预策略。疫情防控一线医务工作者呈现出急慢性心理应激反应,包括失眠、疲劳等躯体症状,以及抑郁、焦虑、创伤后应激等心理症状。个体、工作和社会3个层面的风险和保护因素影响心理应激反应。线上和线下心理干预有助于缓解一线医务工作者压力。目前研究多聚焦于疫情暴发期,关于疫情长期影响的追踪研究较为匮乏;干预研究更多报道方案的开发和执行,而较少涉及干预效果的循证检验,未来可考虑结合数字化技术开发干预方案并检验干预效果。

By searching the literature on mental health of front-line medical workers in the prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection at home and abroad,the psychological stress response,influencing factors and intervention strategies of front-line medical workers were systematically summarized and analyzed.The front-line medical workers in epidemic prevention and control showed acute and chronic psychological stress reactions,including physical symptoms such as insomnia and fatigue,as well as psychological symptoms such as depression,anxiety,and post-traumatic stress.Risk and protective factors at three levels of individual,work and social affect psychological stress response.Online and offline psychological intervention can help relieve the pressure of front-line medical workers.At present,most of the research focuses on the outbreak period of the epidemic,and there is a lack of follow-up research on the long-term impact of the epidemic.Intervention studies report more on the development and implementation of the program,and less on the evidence-based test of the effect of the intervention.In the future,we can consider combining digital technology to develop intervention programs and test the effect of intervention.