国际货物买卖合同根本违约的构成要件与类型判断

The Constituent Elements and Types of Fundamental Breach of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods

根本违约制度是《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(CISG)规范贸易双方当事人的重要制度,具有产生解除合同这一严重法律后果的可能。CISG确定根本违约主要考虑“Detriment”和“Foresee”两个因素,构成根本违约既需符合“Detriment”客观要件,又需受主观要件“Foresee”的约束。考量根本违约构成要件,明确根本违约不同类型的划分依据,建立一个逻辑严谨的根本违约制度体系,能够使根本违约统一的判断标准扎根于各个国家的裁判法庭,促进各国企业在统一的法律环境中进行交易,满足公约的统一适用性及诚信原则,促进国际贸易纠纷的解决。

The fundamental breach system is an important system for the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods(CISG)to regulate both parties in trade,which has the possibility of producing the serious legal consequence of terminating the contract.CISG mainly considers“Detriment”and“Foresee”.The fundamental default should not only conform to the objective requirements of"Detriment",but also be subject to the subjective requirements of“Foresee”.Consider fundamental default constitutive elements,clear the division of different types of default basis,establish a logical rigorous fundamental default system,help to make the fundamental default unified judgment standard rooted in the national court,promote enterprises trading in a unified legal environment,meet the unity of the convention applicability and the principle of good faith,promote the settlement of international trade disputes.