中医五行人之火行人与水行人认知功能差异比较研究

A comparative study on the differences in cognitive functions between Fire Element and Water Element among the Five Element people

目的基于五行理论探究中医五行人中火行人与水行人的认知功能及加工过程差异性,为进一步丰富中医五行人理论内涵、推进我国本土化人格理论模型提供基础。方法在招募的受试者中根据前期制订的《中医五行(形)人面部表型分类量化规范》筛选出典型的火行人与水行人,采用成套重复性神经心理测查工具(Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status,RBANS)和Top-down及Bottom-up认知心理测查范式对其认知功能进行测评。采用独立样本t检验对两组受试者的认知功能进行差异性分析。结果招募受试者火行人24人,水行人20人,与水行人组相比,火行人组在注意功能维度得分明显更高,在RBANS各部分得分上数字广度和编码测验任务得分更高;火行人组在Bottom-up认知心理测查范式的长时认知加工过程中的反应时更短、准确率更高,水行人在Bottom-up认知心理测查范式的短时加工准确率差值更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中医五行人中火行人更易高度集中注意力,更易被线索所吸引,但注意力的维持时间较短,同时水行人在注意力反应时间更长,更不易被线索所影响,且注意力稳定性更强。

Objective To investigate the cognitive functions and processing disparities between individuals dominated by the Fire Element and those dominated by the Water Element,based on the theory of the Five Elements in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The objective is to lay a foundation for further enriching the theoretical framework of TCM s Five Elements theory and advancing the development of a localized personality theory model in China.Methods Participants were recruited and screened by using the previously devised“Quantitative Standard for Facial Phenotypic Classification of TCM Five Elements People”to identify typical individuals dominated by the Fire and Water Elements.Cognitive performance was assessed by using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS)cognitive function assessment tool,along with the Top-down and Bottom-up cognitive psychological test paradigms.Independent sample t-tests were employed to analyze cognitive function differences between the two participant groups.Results Of the recruited participants,24 were classified as Fire Element individuals and 20 as Water Element individuals.In comparison to the Water Element group,the Fire Element group exhibited significantly higher scores in the attention function dimension.In RBANS cognitive tasks,the Fire Element group achieved higher scores in digit span and coding tasks.In the Bottom-up cognitive psychological test paradigm,the Fire Element group displayed shorter reaction times and higher accuracy in long-term cognitive processing.In contrast,Water Element individuals demonstrated a statistically significant negative difference in accuracy in short-term processing(P<0.05).Conclusion In the Five elements of traditional Chinese medicine,the Five Elements group is more likely to be highly focused and attracted by the cue,but the attention maintenance time is shorter.At the same time,the Water Elements group has a longer attention reaction time,is less likely to be affected by the cue,and the attention stability is stronger.