健全粮食安全利益保障体系的机制设计与政策建议

Improving the Profit Protection System of Food Security:Mechanism Design and Policy Suggestions

发挥经济激励对国家粮食安全的保障作用至关重要。经过多年来的实践探索,我国基本建立起多维立体的涉粮激励政策体系,形成了稳定粮农收入、优化营商环境、调动产区积极性和保障消费者可得性的政策框架,但仍存在种粮农民利润空间压缩、粮油加工业后劲潜力不足、粮食主产区高产穷县等问题。针对粮食安全利益保障水平较低背后成因,探索构建以实现“产得出、运得到、买得起”为目标、协调粮食产业链利益相关主体关系、充分释放经济效益在保障粮食安全中作用的机制,并提出健全粮食安全利益保障体系的对策建议:一是优化补贴政策,强化政策保本功能;二是加快发展农业社会化服务,实现经营增效;三是协调产业链主体关系;四是逐步健全主产区利益补偿机制;五是健全应急储备及市场调节机制。

It is crucial to give full play to the role of economic incentives in guaranteeing national food security.After years of practical exploration,China has basically established a multidimensional and four-dimensional incentive policy system for grain-related policies,forming a policy framework that stabilizes the income of grain farmers,optimizes the business environment,mobilizes the enthusiasm of production areas and ensures consumer accessibility.However,there are still problems such as reduced profit margins for grain farmers,insufficient potential for the grain and oil processing industry,and high-yielding and poor counties in the main grain production areas.This study focuses on the causes behind the low level of food security benefit guarantee,explores the construction of a mechanism that aims to realize the goal of“producing,transporting and affordable”,coordinates the relationship between the main stakeholders of the food industry chain,fully releases the role of economic benefits in guaranteeing food security,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the food security benefit guarantee system:First,optimize the subsidy policy to strengthen the function of policy capital preservation;second,accelerate the development of agricultural socialized services to achieve operational efficiency;third,gradually improve the compensation mechanism for the interests of the main production areas;fourth,coordinate the main relationship of the industrial chain;and fifth,improve the emergency reserve and market regulation mechanism.