乡村振兴背景下主产区大豆生产效率比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Soybean Production Efficiency in the Main Production Areas in the Context of Rural Revitalization

大豆产业的振兴发展是推动乡村振兴的重要抓手,为全面分析主产区大豆的生产效率,基于提高生产效率角度,提出促进大豆产业发展,助力乡村振兴提出合理的对策建议。选取2012—2021年我国10个大豆主产区的面板数据,运用DEA-BCC模型和Malmquist指数测算主产区大豆生产效率,从静态和动态两个角度对比分析主产区大豆生产效率。结果表明:在2013年、2017年和2021年,主产区大豆综合技术效率均值分别为0.950,0.975和0.974,整体水平较高,但均未达到有效状态,仍有一定提升空间;2021年非DEA有效大豆主产区存在不同程度的投入冗余和产出不足;2012—2021年主产区大豆的全要素生产率均值为0.988,处于负增长状态,技术进步是推动主产区大豆全要素生产率提高的关键因素。综上,提出以下建议:强化大豆产业的科技支撑和资源配置能力,推动技术进步,提高大豆纯技术效率;合理扩大种植规模,优化种植结构,完善农业基础设施,提高大豆规模效率;健全灾害防范体系,降低大豆种植灾害风险损失,提高豆农灾害处理能力。

The revitalization and development of the soybean industry is an important grip to promote rural revitalization.To comprehensively analyze the production efficiency of soybean in the main producing areas,based on the perspective of improving production efficiency,we proposed reasonable countermeasures to promote the development of the soybean industry and help revitalize the countryside.This paper selected panel data of 10 main soybean-producing areas in China from 2012 to 2021,measured soybean production efficiency in main producing areas using the DEA-BCC model and Malmquist index,compared and analyzed soybean production efficiency in main producing areas from both static and dynamic perspectives.The results showed that:in 2013,2017,and 2021,the mean values of comprehensive technical efficiency of soybean in main producing areas were 0.950,0.975,and 0.974,respectively,with a high overall level,but none of them reached the effective state,and there is still some room for improvement;in 2021,there were different degrees of input redundancy and output deficiency in non-DEA effective soybean main producing areas;from 2012 to 2021 the average value of total factor productivity of soybean in the main producing areas was 0.988,which was in a negative state.Technological progress is a key factor to promote the improvement of total factor productivity of soybean in the main producing areas.Therefore,it is recommended as follows:strengthen the scientific and technological support and resource allocation capacity of the soybean industry,promote technological progress,and improve the pure technical efficiency of soybean;reasonably expand the planting scale,optimize the planting structure,improve agricultural infrastructure,and improve the scale efficiency of soybean;improve the disaster prevention system,reduce the risk loss of soybean planting disasters,and improve the disaster handling capacity of soybean farmers.