不同灌溉方式对西北干旱区紫花苜蓿生产性能的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on the Production Performance of Alfalfa in Northwest Arid Areas

为了明确紫花苜蓿品质形成差异的水分生理特征,探索因地制宜、节水高效的灌溉模式,以河西地区为例,以不灌水(CK)为对照,对比分析了常规畦灌(M)、交替灌溉(T)和隔沟灌溉(G)等3种不同灌溉方式分别在灌底墒水、越冬水、返青水和现蕾水不同灌溉量下对“三得利”紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)不同灌水方式下株高与灌水次数呈正相关,分支数与灌水量呈负相关;交替灌溉在灌底墒水、越冬水、返青水和现蕾水条件下株高三茬平均值最高为91.92 cm。(2)各灌水模式下,紫花苜蓿净光合速率、蒸腾速率随灌水量的增大表现出增高的趋势,其中交替灌溉的净光合速率随灌水量的增大提高了15.64%,且均高于常规畦灌和隔沟灌溉在同等灌水量下净光合速率。(3)不同处理紫花苜蓿的产量随灌水量的增加而增加,漫灌处理紫花苜蓿的三茬总产量显著高于交替灌溉与隔沟灌溉在相同灌水量下苜蓿产量,在灌底墒水、越冬水、返青水和现蕾水条件下三茬总产最高达49447.6 kg/hm^(2)。(4)不同灌水方式紫花苜蓿粗蛋白含量和中性洗涤纤维含量显著高于无灌水(CK)处理,且随着灌水量的增加有不同程度的提高。河西地区地处干旱和半干旱区,以节水灌溉的角度出发,可以选择交替灌溉灌底墒水、越冬水、返青水和现蕾水的灌溉模式能够在保证高产的同时,达到节水的目的。

In order to clarify the water physiological characteristics of the differences in quality formation of alfalfa and to explore irrigation models that are suitable for the local conditions and water-saving and efficient,this article takes the Hexi region as an example.It conducts a comparative analysis of three different irrigation treatments,including conventional border irrigation(M),alternating irrigation(T),and furrow irrigation(G),with no irrigation(CK)as a control.The study aims to assess the effect of different irrigation quantities on the yield and quality of"San Deli"alfalfa,focusing on returning green water and budding water.The results are as follows:①There is a positive correlation between plant height and irrigation frequency under different irrigation methods,and a negative correlation between branch number and irrigation amount;Under alternating irrigation conditions,the highest average plant height among the three crops reaches 91.92 cm when considering factors such as soil moisture,overwintering water,returning green water,and budding water.②Under various irrigation modes,the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of alfalfa showed an increasing trend with the increase of irrigation water.Among them,the net photosynthetic rate of alternating irrigation increases by 15.64%with the increase in irrigation quantity,and both are higher than the net photosynthetic rate of conventional border irrigation and furrow irrigation under the same irrigation amount.③The yield of alfalfa under different treatments increases with the increase of irrigation water.The total yield of alfalfa under flood irrigation treatment is significantly higher than that under alternative irrigation and furrow irrigation under the same irrigation amount.The maximum total yield of alfalfa under the conditions of bottom soil moisture,overwintering water,returning green water,and budding water is 49447.6 kg/hm^(2).④The crude protein content and neutral detergent fiber content of alfalfa under different irrigation treatments are significantly higher than those under non-irrigation(CK)treatment,and they increase to varying degrees with the increase of irrigation amount.The Hexi region is located in arid and semi-arid regions.From the perspective of water-saving irrigation,the alternative irrigation mode of bottom soil moisture,overwintering water,returning green water,and budding water can be chosen to achieve water-saving while ensuring high yield.