数据交易违约可得利益的类型化研究

A Typological Study of the Lost Profit in Data Transaction

根据交易的给付特征和目的,数据交易合同的基本类型可以分为以提供财产为主要内容的数据许可合同和以提供数据技术服务为主要内容的数据服务合同。不同类型的数据交易合同在可得利益的认定和计算上存在差异。以提供财产为主要内容的数据许可交易主要适用市场价格法和替代交易法,当二者都难以适用时,可以考虑引入合理许可费标准。以提供技术服务为主要内容的数据服务具有鲜明的定制化属性,尚不具备普遍适用市场价格法的条件,更可能的选择是以替代交易法为基础、以获利返还法为补充。数据许可和数据服务违约可得利益的酌定赔偿数额都需要注重对数据产品或服务的性质、违约金条款以及合比例性的考量。

Depending on the payment characteristics and purpose of the transaction,the basic types of data transaction contracts can be classified into data license contracts,which are mainly for the provision of property,and data service contracts,which are mainly for the provision of data technology services.There are differences in the calculation of lost profits for breach of contract in different types of data transaction contracts.The market price and alternative transaction calculation methods are mainly applicable to data licensing transactions where the provision of property is the main element,and when both are difficult to apply,the introduction of a reasonable license fee standard may be considered.Data services,which are mainly based on the provision of technical services,do not yet qualify for the general application of the market price method,and a more likely option would be to use the alternative transaction method as a basis,supplemented by the profit return method.The amount of discretionary damages for breach of contract for both data licenses and data services requires a focus on the nature of the data product or service,the liquidated damages provision,and proportionality.