少年精神障碍住院患者心理剧治疗效果的定性研究

A qualitative study of effect of psychodrama therapy in adolescent inpatients with mental disorders

目的:探讨心理剧治疗对少年精神障碍住院患者的效果。方法:在某医院住院儿童病房招募精神障碍患者22例(年龄12~18岁),根据访谈提纲对连续参加4次心理剧治疗的患者(均按常规服用精神科药物)进行半结构式访谈,采用扎根理论的方法对访谈资料进行深度分析,采用自编心理剧治疗参与感受及评价调查表调查患者参加心理剧治疗后的感受、收获或变化。结果:访谈分析发现,心理剧治疗的效果包括减轻症状、提高自尊程度、促进功能康复和提高社会适应能力4个方面。自编心理剧治疗参与感受及评价调查表结果显示,排名前4位的是促进人际关系、有趣、愿意继续参加和提高自信。结论:心理剧治疗对少年精神障碍住院患者具有辅助治疗作用,可促进自尊水平和社交能力的提升。

Objective:To explore the effect of psychodrama therapy in adolescent inpatients with mental disorders.Methods:Totally 22 patients with mental disorders(aged 12-18 years)were recruited from the inpatient children′s ward of a certain hospital.According to the interview outline,a semi-structured interview was conducted in adolescent inpatients with mental disorders who participated in 4 sessions of psychodrama therapy.These patients took psychotropic drugs regularly.The interview data were analyzed in depth by using the grounded theory method.The self-compiled Psychodrama Therapy Participation Feeling and Evaluation Questionnaire was used to investigate the feelings,gains or changes of patients after psychodrama therapy.Results:The interview analysis found that the effects of psychodrama therapy included reducing symptoms,improving self-esteem,promoting functional recovery and improving social adaptability.The results of the self-compiled Psychodrama Therapy Participation Feeling and Evaluation Questionnaire showed that the top 4 aspects were promoting interpersonal relationship,being interesting,willing to continue to participate and improving self-confidence.Conclusion:Psychodrama therapy has an auxiliary therapeutic effect in adolescent inpatients with mental disorders,and can promote the improvement of self-esteem and social skills.