基于碳交易和“以旧换再”补贴机制的闭环供应链定价决策

Research on Pricing Decisions of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Based on Carbon Trade and Old-for Remanufacturing Subsidy

大量废旧产品的不当处置导致环境问题日益严峻,实现企业回收再制造过程中的节能减排逐渐成为政府决策和社会关注的热点。碳交易机制和“以旧换再”补贴是政府促进企业减排和再制造的有效手段,基于上述机制构建了3种闭环供应链决策模型:单一碳交易机制(模型1)、单一“以旧换再”补贴机制(模型2)、碳交易和“以旧换再”补贴双机制(模型3),研究碳交易价格、“以旧换再”补贴等参数对供应链成员定价决策、制造商和零售商利润及碳排放的影响。结果表明:(1)在模型1和模型3情形下,随着碳交易价格的提高,新产品和再制造产品的批发价零售价增长,初始消费者对新产品的需求减少,对再制造产品的需求增加;换购消费者对新产品的需求减少,对再制造产品的需求增加;零售商利润下降,制造商利润先下降再增长,供应链碳排放量减少。(2)在模型2和模型3情形下,随着“以旧换再”补贴力度的增加,新产品的批发价、零售价不变,再制造产品批发价零售价增长,初始消费者对新产品的需求增加,对再制造产品的需求减少;换购消费者对新产品的需求减少,对再制造产品的需求增加;零售商和制造商利润逐渐增长,供应链总碳排放量减少。(3)相较于模型1和模型2的单机制,模型3下的双机制更利于扩大再造产品需求、提高制造商利润并减少供应链碳排放。

Improper disposal of waste products caused severe pollution.Reducing carbon emissions has become a topic of general interest,government introduced policies to guide enterprises in recycling and remanufacturing.Old-for Remanufacturing Subsidy and Carbon trading mechanism are effective measures to foster recycle and remanufacture and decrease carbon emission,3 closed-loop supply chain models based on the implementation of these 2 policies are constructed.Model 1:Carbon trading mechanism;Model 2:Old-for Remanufacturing Subsidy mechanism;Model 3:Carbon trading combined with Old-for Remanufacturing Subsidy mechanism.This paper studied the impact of Old-for Remanufacturing Subsidy and Carbon trading mechanism on price decisions,profit and carbon emission.The results show that:①Under carbon trading mechanism,with the increasing of carbon trading price,the wholesale price and price of the new product will increase,the demand of initial consumers for new products decreases,and the demand for remanufactured products increases.The demand of swap consumers for new products decreases and the demand for remanufactured products increases.Profit of retailer and carbon emission drop down.②Under Old-for Remanufacturing Subsidy mechanism,With the increase of Old-for Remanufacturing subsidy,the wholesale price and price of the new product will remain stable,the wholesale price and the price of the re-manufactured product will increase,demand of initial consumer for new products increases,demand for remanufactured products decreases.The demand of swap consumers for new products decreases and the demand for remanufactured products increases.Profit of retailer and manufacturer increase,carbon emissions of the supply chain are decreasing.③Comparing with the two single mechanisms,the dual mechanism is more conducive for increasing consumer demand for remanufactured products,manufacturer's profit and the total carbon emissions of the supply chain.