CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)T细胞在结核病免疫应答中的作用

The role of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells in the immune response to tuberculosis

结核分枝杆菌是世界范围内单一感染源致死亡的主要原因,并且已有大量人群被感染后处于长期潜伏感染状态。机体清除结核分枝杆菌主要依赖于特异性免疫应答,其中T淋巴细胞作为参与机体细胞免疫的主要细胞,其增殖和活化在机体特异性免疫应答中发挥着至关重要的作用。笔者分析了结核分枝杆菌感染机体后,T淋巴细胞亚群中的CD4^(+)T和CD8^(+)T细胞在结核分枝杆菌感染免疫应答中的作用,并且对机体抗结核分枝杆菌感染免疫应答的机制进行总结,为进一步深入探索适应性免疫的抗结核感染网络、结核病的诊断及临床研制新型疫苗提供借鉴。

Tuberculosis(TB)caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide,and there has been a large number of individuals who remain in a long-term latent infection state after being infected.The clearance of MTB in the body primarily relies on specific immune responses,in which T lymphocytes,as the main cells involved in cellular immunity.Their proliferation and activation play a crucial role during the specific immune response in the body.This review discusses the functions of CD4^(+)T cells and CD8^(+)T cells,two subsets of T lymphocytes,in the immune response MTB infection,and summarizes the mechanisms of the immune response against MTB infection in the body.It aims to provide insights for further exploration of the adaptive immune network against MTB infection,diagnosis of TB,and the development of new vaccines in clinical research.