出土医学文献中酒的应用试析

Analysis on the Application of Alcohol in Unearthed Medical Literature

[目的]探析出土医学文献中酒的应用,为现代中医临床运用酒提供借鉴。[方法]以《五十二病方》《武威汉代医简》《周家台秦简医方》以及《天回医简》等出土文献为基础,结合传世文献中的相关记载,对出土文献中酒的应用进行对比总结研究。[结果]出土医学文献中对酒的应用虽没有具体说明用酒的原因,但从同时期传世文献中的相关记载可以进行综合分析。酒在先秦秦汉时期多为黄酒,使用方法多是以酒调服,酒煎剂和浸渍法,并广泛应用于各类疾病的治疗。酒有“改变药性,直达病所”“温经通络,祛瘀止痛”“矫除臭味,增强药效”等功效。后世文献中对于酒的运用,在各个时期展现出不同的特点,但皆是在秦汉时期酒应用的基础上进行发展。[结论]酒在现代中医临床治疗的运用中存在巨大的潜力,但酒浸泡药物的时间、煎煮法等对药效的影响等方面均值得深入研究。

[Objective]To explore the application of alcohol in unearthed medical literature,so as to provide reference for the clinical application of alcohol in modern Chinese medicine.[Methods]Based on the unearthed literatures such as Wushier Bingfang,Wuwei Medical Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty,ZHOU Jiatai Medical Bamboo Slips of Qin Dynasty,Tianhui Medical Bamboo Slips and so on,combined with the relevant records in the handed down literature,the application of alcohol in the unearthed literatures was compared and summarized.[Results]Although there is no specific reason for the use of alcohol in the unearthed medical literature,a comprehensive analysis can be made from the related records in the contemporaneous literature.The analysis showed that in the pre-Qin,Qin and Han Dynasties,most of the alcohol was yellow wine,which was used in the way of alcohol mixing,alcohol decoction and impregnation,and was widely used in the treatment of various diseases.It is concluded that the alcohol has the effect of“changing the medicinal properties,direct to the disease”“warming the channels and clearing the collaterals,removing blood stasis and relieving pain”“correcting the odor,enhancing the drug effect”and so on.The application of alcohol in the later literature showed different characteristics in each period,but all developed on the basis of the application of alcohol in the Qin and Han Dynasties.[Conclusion]Alcohol has great potential in the clinical treatment of modern Chinese medicine,but the soaking and decocting time of alcohol for medicine,the effect of different temperatures is worth further study.