成年男性增负荷后的步态及膝关节运动参数特征研究

Characteristics of gait and knee joint motion parameters in adult men after load increase

目的:研究成年男性增负荷后的步态及膝关节运动参数运动特征,探讨增负荷行走对膝关节的影响。方法:选择82名健康男性大学生为研究对象,按照增负荷程度不同将对象分为0%BW组和15%BW组,每组各41名。0%BW组以自身体重的0%负荷行走;15%BW组以自身体重的15%负荷行走。使用Vicon Nexus 1.5.2三维光学运动捕捉系统(英国OML)采集不同负荷前后步态参数和膝关节运动学数据,包括步长、步宽、步频、支撑相占比、摆动相占比、膝关节支撑相角度和摆动相角度最大值及最小值、力矩最大值、力矩最小值,对得到的数据进行比较。结果:15%BW组步频和摆动相均高于0%BW组,支撑相低于0%BW组(P<0.05);矢状面角度最大值(屈膝最大角度)和最大力矩均大于0%BW组(P<0.05);矢状面角度最小值(屈膝最小角度)和最小力矩均少于0%BW组(P<0.05);两组研究对象步长和步宽比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在增负荷状态下,人体会增大膝关节力矩及膝关节屈曲角度,增大支撑相占比,胫骨平台应力峰值增大,长期负重行走可能会诱发膝关节相关疾病。

Objective:To study the motion characteristics of gait and knee joint motion parameters in adult males after increasing load,and to explore the impact of increasing load walking on knee joint.Methods:A total of 82 healthy male college students were randomly divided into 0%BW group and 15%BW group according to different levels of load increase,with 41 cases in each group,and walking at 0%and 15%of their body weight,respectively.The Vicon Nexus 1.5.2 three-dimensional optical motion capture system(OML)was used to collect gait parameters and knee joint kinematic data before and after different loads,including stride length,stride width,stride frequency,support phase proportion,swing phase proportion,maximum and minimum knee joint support phase angle Paired tests were conducted on the obtained data to compare the differences between the maximum and minimum values of knee joint swing phase angles,maximum and minimum torque values.Results:The step frequency and swing phase of the 15%BW group were higher than those of the 0%BW group,while the support phase was lower than that of the 0%BW group(P<0.05).The maximum sagittal angle(maximum knee flexion angle)and maximum torque were greater than those of the 0%BW group(P<0.05),the minimum sagittal angle(minimum knee flexion angle)and minimum torque were less than those of the 0%BW group(P<0.05).The comparison of step length and step width between the two groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion:In the condition of load increase,the human body will increase the knee torque and knee flexion Angle,increase the proportion of support phase,and increase the peak stress of tibial plateau.Long-term weight-bearing walking may induce knee joint related diseases.