渤海湾盆地火成岩侵入接触变质系统及其储层特征--以南堡凹陷古近系沙河街组为例

Igneous intrusion contact metamorphic system and its reservoir characteristics:A case study of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Nanpu sag of Bohai Bay Basin,China

以渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷古近系沙河街组为例,综合利用地震、录井、测井、物性分析和岩心薄片等资料,开展火成岩侵入接触变质岩储层研究。①提出火成岩侵入接触变质系统地质模式,该系统纵向上可划分为侵入体、上变质带、下变质带、顶板和底板正常沉积层5层结构;②侵入体特征主要表现为:顶部发育有指相意义的捕虏体,微观上岩石结构与矿物结晶由中心向边缘有规律变化,宏观上侵入体多以低角度斜穿沉积地层等;变质带特征主要为:原岩为沉积岩,发育典型的变余结构,出现多种中低温热变质矿物及岩性为中低级热变质岩等;③接触变质带储层发育基质孔隙和裂缝两种储集空间类型,基质孔隙为变质砂岩烘烤变质改造后围绕变质矿物分布的次生“粒间孔隙”,裂缝主要为变质泥岩中的构造缝和侵入挤压缝,具有层状、斑状和沿裂缝浸染状3种分布方式;④变质带储层分布主要受热烘烤强度的控制,优质储层分布是有利岩相与热接触变质、侵入挤压和热液溶蚀等作用互相耦合共同控制的结果。侵入接触变质系统地质模式的提出和应用,有望推动南堡凹陷接触变质岩勘探目标的发现,为渤海湾盆地深层接触变质岩储层研究和勘探提供参考依据。

Taking the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Nanpu Sag of Bohai Bay Basin as an example,this study comprehensively utilizes seismic,mud logging,well logging,physical property analysis and core thin section data to investigate the metamorphic reservoir formed by contact metamorphism after igneous rock intrusion.(1)A geological model of the igneous rock intrusion contact metamorphic system is proposed,which can be divided into five structural layers vertically:the intrusion,upper metamorphic aureole,lower metamorphic aureole,normal sedimentary layers on the roof and floor.(2)The intrusion is characterized by xenoliths indicating intrusive facies at the top,regular changes in rock texture and mineral crystallization from the center to the edge on a microscopic scale,and low-angle oblique penetrations of the intrusion through sedimentary strata in a macroscopic scale.The metamorphic aureole has characteristics such as sedimentary rocks as the host rock,typical palimpsest textures developed,various low-temperature thermal metamorphic minerals developed,and medium-low grade thermal metamorphic rocks as the lithology.(3)The reservoir in contact metamorphic aureole has two types of reservoir spaces:matrix pores and fractures.The matrix pores are secondary“intergranular pores”distributed around metamorphic minerals after thermal metamorphic transformation in metasandstones.The fractures are mainly structural fractures and intrusive compressive fractures in metamudstones.The reservoirs generally have three spatial distribution characteristics:layered,porphyritic and hydrocarbon impregnation along fracture.(4)The distribution of reservoirs in the metamorphic aureole is mainly controlled by the intensity of thermal baking.Furthermore,the distribution of favorable reservoirs is controlled by the coupling of favorable lithofacies and thermal contact metamorphism,intrusive compression and hydrothermal dissolution.The proposal and application of the geological model of the intrusion contact metamorphic system are expected to promote the discovery of exploration targets of contact metamorphic rock in Nanpu sag,and providing a reference for the study and exploration of deep contact metamorphic rock reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin.