含高比例新能源的电力系统频率稳定研究综述

Research on Frequency Stability of Power System with High Penetration Renewable Energy:A Review

作为“双碳”战略目标的关键载体,含高比例新能源的电力系统具有惯量水平低、调频能力差、抗扰性能弱等特征,对频率稳定带来了全新挑战,迫切需要深入认识能源转型背景下的频率稳定形态。该文按照“建模分析—稳定评估—调频控制”的路线,归纳近年来国内外关于频率稳定的研究及其应用进展。首先,梳理现有频率稳定定义的特点,将其引申为考虑暂态频率安全的广义频率稳定概念,分析含高比例新能源电力系统的频率响应过程;按照系统全局频率和网络节点频率两个视角分析现有特性建模与分析方法,分别总结频率稳定性、频率安全性的评估方法与评估指标,初步建立考虑频率时空分布特性的节点频率安全性指标;列举并归类源网荷储多主体参与系统调频的控制策略,分析相关频率调控措施的特点;最后,结合现有研究进展,对含高比例新能源的电力系统在频率响应特性建模、频率稳定机理评估以及频率稳定协调控制方面的未来发展方向和研究趋势进行展望。

As a key carrier of the“dual-carbon”strategic goal,the power system with high penetration renewable energy is characterized by low inertia level,poor frequency regulation capability,and weak disturbance immunity,bringing new challenges to frequency security and stability.It is urgently needed to understand the frequency stability patterns in the energy transition context.Following the sequence of“feature modeling,mechanism analysis,stability evaluation,and frequency control”,we provide a concise overview of recent international and domestic research and applications.Firstly,we sort out the characteristics of existing definitions of frequency stabilization and derive them into a generalized concept of frequency stabilization that takes into account transient frequency safety.We analyze the characteristic modeling methods from two viewpoints:system-wide frequency and network node frequency,and summarize the evaluation meth-ods and criteria for assessing frequency stability,global frequency security,node frequency security,and nodal inertia security.Additionally,we outline the control strategies involving multiple entities encompassing generation,grid,load,and energy storage in system frequency control,focusing on the distinctive features of associated frequency control measures.Combining current research progress,we present the forward-looking insights into the future directions of fre-quency feature modeling,mechanism evaluation,and coordinated control for the power system with high penetration renewable energy.