激光-电弧复合焊接铝合金的研究进展分析

Research Progress Analysis of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of AluminumAlloys

为早日实现“双碳”目标,轻量化制造是必经之路。铝合金以其低密度、高比强度和可回收利用等优点脱颖而出,并且具备高塑形、优良耐腐蚀能力从而可以广泛应用于各行各业,但因为其特殊的热物理性质及复杂的合金化学成分,使其焊接过程中极易出现气孔、热裂纹等焊接缺陷,其焊接难题限制了铝合金在轻量化之路的进一步发展。激光-电弧复合焊接技术结合激光焊接技术与电弧焊接技术的优势,以其大焊接熔深、高焊接效率、高焊接质量著称,并逐渐成为铝合金高效优质焊接的重要熔焊工艺。为掌握铝合金激光-电弧复合焊的研究现状,本文首次通过文献计量学的方法定量分析了Web of Science(WoS)数据库中1995—2021年已发表的该领域的学术论文,并通过使用VOSviewer软件对WoS数据库数据进行了可视化处理。结果表明,焊接接头、微观组织、热影响区、力学性能及激光与电弧的相互作用为研究热点,因此本文从上述领域对铝合金的激光-电弧复合焊接进行了总结与分析,并结合激光-电弧复合焊接过程中的在线监测技术与新型激光在复合焊中的应用展开讨论分析,得出激光-电弧复合焊接铝合金中接头类型的选取,微观组织的分布,力学性能的提升措施及复合热源的相互作用机制。旨在为后续研究激光-电弧复合焊接铝合金提供参考。最后,基于当下的研究现状,本文提出了该领域面临的挑战及未来工作展望。

Lightweight manufacturing is the only way to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals as soon as possible.Aluminum alloy with its low density,high specific strength,recyclability and other advantages such as high shaping,excellent corrosion resistance can be widely used in all walks of life.However,due to its special thermophysical properties and complex alloy chemical composition,welding defects such as pores and hot cracks are prone to occur during the welding process,its further development in the path of lightweight is limited.Combining the advantages of laser welding and arc welding,laser-arc hybrid welding has gradually become an important fusion welding process for efficient and high-quality welding of aluminum alloys with its large welding penetration,high welding efficiency and high welding quality.To grasp the current status of research on laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminum alloys,this paper analyzed for the first time the published academic papers in this field from 1995—2021 in the Web of science database through bibliometrics,and visualized the data with VOSviewer software.The results show that the welded joint,microstructure,heat-affected zone,mechanical properties,and laser-arc interaction for the research hotspots,so this paper summarized and analyzed the laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminum alloys from the above areas,and came up with the selection of the type of joints,the distribution of the microstructure,the enhancement of the mechanical properties,and the mechanism of interaction of the hybrid heat source in the laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminum alloys.It aims to provide reference for subsequent research laser-arc hybrid welding.Finally,based on the current research situation,this paper presented the challenges and the prospect of future work in this field.