合作的解构:政府购买服务项目执行过程的政社关系

Deconstruction of Cooperation:Government-NPOs Relationship in the Implementation of Government Outsourced Service Projects

政府购买服务构建了政府与社会组织的“合作场景”。然而,为什么政府购买服务项目执行过程中政社合作关系经过“解构”迈向了多元复杂类型?基于项目执行过程的微观情境,本文提出了政社关系演化的“政绩共享-资源庇护”解释框架,案例比较分析发现:第一,政府与社会组织关系处于“非对称性依赖”格局,基层政府因其在地化的资源动员能力主导了政社合作的“解构”过程。第二,理性的基层政府权衡政绩共享收益和资源庇护责任之后确定了政社合作的“重构”方向,即合作、俘获、限制、替代等多元化关系类型。进一步分析发现,政府与社会组织的资源动员能力决定其互动关系走向,政府主导的“资源的权力网络”使得政社关系转向了“合作的解构”。研究结论为理解政社关系提供了全新视角,对于推动政社合作供给公共服务具有政策启示。

Government outsourcing services has created a scenario of"cooperation"between government and NPOs.However,why does the government-NPOs cooperation become multifaceted and complex after"deconstruction"in the implementation of government outsourced service projects?Based on the micro-context of the project implementation,this paper proposes a"performance sharing-resource patronage"explanatory framework for government-NPOs relationship.A comparative analysis of the cases indicates that:(1)There is an"asymmetric dependency"in the cooperation between the government and NPOs,and the grass-roots government dominates the evolution of government-NPOs cooperation because of its local resource mobilization advantage.(2)The rational grass-roots government weighs the benefits of performance sharing and the responsibility of resource patronage to determine the direction of"deconstruction"of government-NPOs cooperation,i.e.,various types of government-NPOs relations such as cooperation,capture,restriction,and substitution.Further analysis indicates that the resource mobilization capacity of the government and NPOs determines their interaction,and that the government-led"power network of resources"has led the government-NPOs relationship to"deconstruction of cooperation".The findings provide a new perspective for understanding the government-NPOs relationship,and have policy implications for the promotion of government-NPOs cooperation in the provision of public services.