基于相变复合材料的新型液压油箱设计及研究

New hydraulic tank design based on phase change composites

针对液压系统存在“低温启动困难”和“高温散热效率低”的矛盾问题,影响了液压系统设备性能的整体提升。设计一种采用相变复合材料构建的新型液压油箱结构,利用ANSYS软件对先后添加复合相变材料新型油箱进行建模与仿真,得出径向传热、瞬态传热等仿真云图并进行分析比较传热梯度的变化。仿真结果证实,相变复合材料能够快速吸收油液的热量,从而散热效果高于普通油箱。并且针对油箱传热的不同影响因素进行了仿真分析,得出油箱材料、环境温度、载荷温度仿真云图,仿真结果表明,利用相变复合材料的高储能及高导热特性,在低温条件下,液压油能够在油箱中快速均匀加热以及在高温条件下高效散热,提高油箱的换热效率,减小油箱体积,使其具备“容积小、导热快、换热面积大、油液加热均匀、对极端温度条件适应能力强”等优点,对延长液压油及液压元件的使用寿命,提高液压系统设备的工作可靠性和生存能力具有重要意义。

In view of the contradiction of“difficult low temperature start-up”and“low high temperature heat dissipation efficiency”in the hydraulic system,the overall improvement of the performance of hydraulic system equipment is affected.A new hydraulic tank structure constructed by phase change composite material was designed,and ANSYS software was used to model and simulate a new type of tank with composite phase change material successively,and simulation cloud maps such as radial heat transfer and transient heat transfer were obtained,and the changes of heat transfer gradients were analyzed and compared.The simulation results confirm that the phase change composite material can quickly absorb the heat of the oil,so that the heat dissipation effect is higher than that of ordinary oil tanks.The simulation results show that using the high energy storage and high thermal conductivity characteristics of phase change composites,the hydraulic oil can be quickly and uniformly heated in the tank and efficiently dissipated under high temperature conditions,improve the heat exchange efficiency of the oil tank,reduce the volume of the oil tank,and make it have the advantages of“small volume,fast heat conduction,large heat exchange area,uniform oil heating,and strong adaptability to extreme temperature conditions”.It is of great significance to extend the service life of hydraulic oil and hydraulic components,and improve the working reliability and viability of hydraulic system equipment.