CRISPR/Cas9技术在热带作物育种中的应用研究进展

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Tropical Crops Breeding

在热带地区种植的香蕉、番木瓜、甘蔗、木薯、天然橡胶、油棕等热带作物,是我国农业的重要组成部分,不仅为我们的日常生活和工农业生产提供了重要的原材料,而且为我国热带与亚热带地区的主要农业产量和经济增长做出了贡献。然而,这些作物的现代分子育种受其生物学特性和遗传复杂性的严重阻碍,多倍化、杂合性、无性繁殖、童期长和植株高大等问题导致热带作物的传统杂交育种周期长、难度大、进展慢。基因编辑技术的发展为热带作物育种带来了新途径和新机遇。CRISPR/Cas9系统介导的基因组编辑技术以其更高的靶向效率、多功能性和易用性,已被广泛应用于植物基因组编辑育种中。近年来,该技术在香蕉、木薯、天然橡胶、甘蔗等热带作物上也实现了广泛应用。本文介绍了基于CRISPR-Cas9系统的基因组编辑、CRISPR-Cas9在热带作物改良中的应用进展以及所面临的挑战和问题,同时对热带作物基因编辑育种方面提出建议,以期为后续研究提供思路,并为进一步开发应用该技术以有效改良热带作物的植物性状提供参考。

Tropical crops,including banana,papaya,sugarcane,cassava,rubber tree,oil palm,etc,are of importance in Chinese agriculture,which not only provide raw materials for our daily life and industrial and agricultural production,but also contribute to the main agricultural output and economic growth in tropical and subtropical zones of China.There are many barriers in tropical crops in use of modern molecular breeding techniques,such as polyploidy,heterozygous,vegetative propagation,long juvenile phase and large size of plants,etc.The genetic improvement of tropical crops through conventional breeding is troublesome,time-consuming,low efficiency and less progress.The development of genome editing technologies has brought a new way in tropical crops breeding.CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing has been widely used in plants,profited from its higher targeting efficiency,versatility and ease of usage.This approach has been applied in banana,cassava,rubber tree,and sugarcane.Here,we focus on the recent advances based on CRISPR/Cas9 methodologies,and summarize their application in tropical crops breeding,as well as propose future perspectives and challenges in improving tropical plants.