冬虫夏草及其近缘品中铅、镉、砷污染评价及人体健康累积风险评估方法探索

The Exploration of Pollution Evaluation and Cumulative Health Risk Assessment Methods of Lead,Cadmium and Arsenic in Dongchongxiacao(Cordyceps sinensis)and Its Closely Related Species

目的:对冬虫夏草及其近缘品中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)的残留量进行测定,探索符合冬虫夏草及相关产品使用特点的污染评价及人体健康风险评估方法。方法:基于冬虫夏草及其近缘品中Pb、Cd、As的残留量监测数据,综合运用单因子污染指数法、尼梅罗综合指数法、金属污染指数法对冬虫夏草及其近缘品进行重金属污染评价,计算重金属日暴露量,分别采用危害指数法和更加精确的靶器官毒性剂量法对Pb、Cd、As联合暴露产生的健康风险进行累积风险评估。结果:污染评价结果说明,冬虫夏草及其近缘品中As的污染应引起关注,不同品种污染程度为冬虫夏草(繁育品)=蛹虫草<冬虫夏草(野生品)<香棒虫草<亚香棒虫草;人体健康风险评估结果表明,对于心血管和神经系统,1批冬虫夏草(野生品)全草中Pb、Cd、As联合暴露产生的累积健康风险需被进一步关注。结论:冬虫夏草及其近缘品重金属污染评价,以及人体健康风险评估方法,可为中药安全性评价及相关限量标准的制修订提供参考。

Objective:To determine the contents of Pb,Cd and As in Dongchongxiacao(Cordyceps sinensis)and its closely related species and to explore the methods for pollution evaluation and human health risk assessment applicable to C.sinensis and the related products.Methods:According to the monitoring data of Pb,Cd and As contents in C.sinensis and its closely related species,single-factor index method,Nemerow index method and metal pollution index method were comprehensively used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution.The daily exposure of heavy metals was calculated.The cumulative risk assessment of the health risks caused by the combined exposure of Pb,Cd and As was conducted by hazard index(HI)method and a more accurate target-organ toxicity dose(TTD)method,respectively.Results:The results of pollution evaluation showed that the contamination of As in C.sinensis and its closely related species could not be ignored.The pollution degree of different varieties followed the order:C.sinensis(breeding products)=C.militaris<C.sinensis(wild products)<C.barnesii<C.hawkesii.The results of human health risk assessment indicated that for cardiovascular and nervous systems,the cumulative health risk caused by the combined exposure of Pb,Cd and As in one batch of C.sinensis(wild products)should be further concerned.Conclusion:In this study,the exploration of the pollution evaluation and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in C.sinensis and its closely related species provides a reference for the safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine and the formulation and revision of related limit standards.