牛乳β-乳球蛋白变异体检测方法研究进展

Advances in the Detection Methods of Bovineβ-Lactoglobulin Variants

β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)是牛乳中重要的天然活性营养物质,也是牛乳中主要的过敏原之一。β-乳球蛋白约为乳清蛋白总量的50%,是牛乳中主要的乳清蛋白,具有较强的热敏感性和致敏性,在优质乳品工业中起关键作用。其不仅作为牛奶热处理强度的评估指标,还作为食品中牛乳过敏原的标志蛋白,有效识别和检测牛乳β-乳球蛋白非常重要。已报道的牛乳β-乳球蛋白有13种变异体,其中A和B是牛乳β-LG的常见变异体,且含量最高。根据不同的检测原理,文章简述近年来牛乳β-乳球蛋白变异体的三大类检测方法,总结电泳法、色谱法和免疫法的原理、优缺点及部分应用实例,重点介绍液相色谱法和毛细管电泳法两种定量方法,并展望牛乳β-乳球蛋白未来的发展方向。

β-lactoglobulin(β-LG)is an important natural active nutrient and one of the main allergens in bovine milk.β-lactoglobulin is about 50%of the total whey protein,is the major whey protein in bovine milk,has strong heat sensitivity and allergenicity,and plays a key role in the high-quality dairy industry,not only as an evaluation index of heat treatment intensity of milk,but also as the marker protein of milk allergens in food.Therefore,it is very important to effectively identify and detect bovineβ-lactoglobulin.Thirteen variants of bovineβ-lactoglobulin have been reported,of which A and B are the common variants whose content are the highest.According to different detection principles,the article briefly describes three kinds of detection methods of milkβ-lactoglobulin variants in recent years,and summarizes the principles,advantages,disadvantages and some application examples of electrophoresis,chromatography and immunoassay.The two quantitative methods of liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis were introduced emphatically,and the future development direction of bovineβ-lactoglobulin was prospected.