海洋渔业捕捞法律问题研究

Study on the Legal Issues of Marine Fishing

海洋渔业捕捞事关海洋自然生态系统平衡和国家粮食安全。当前我国海洋渔业捕捞产业发展迅速,市场前景广阔,但仍面临一些问题亟待解决。文章分析了我国海洋渔业捕捞及相关法律发展现状,针对捕捞许可证制度存在缺陷,限额捕捞制度可操作性不强,“一刀切”伏季休渔制度缺乏科学性等系列问题,提出了发展建议:①完善捕捞许可证制度的限制管理措施,强化监管力度,提高准入门槛;②增加具有可操作性的限额捕捞法律规定,建立海洋渔业总可捕捞量数据库,建立相应的政府财政补贴制度;③借鉴加拿大、美国等海洋渔业发达国家先进经验完善伏季休渔制度。

Marine fishing is related to the balance of marine natural ecosystem and national food security.At present,marine fishing industry in China develops rapidly and its market prospect is broad,but there are still some problems to be solved.This paper analyzes the current situation of marine fishery and related laws in China, and puts forward development suggestions for a series of problems, such as the defects of the fishing license system, the weak operability of the quota fishing system, and the lack of scientificity of the “one-size-fits-all” off-season fishing moratorium. The following development suggestions are provided:(1)Improve the restrictive management measures of the fishing license system,strengthen supervision and raise the threshold for entry;(2)Increase the operational legal provisions of fishing quotas,and to establish a database of total available catches for marine fisheries and to establish a corresponding system of government financial subsidies;(3)Learn from Canada, the United States and other marine fishery developed countries’ advanced experience to improve the fishing moratorium in the summer.