冷战后日本与东南亚地区秩序的构建:观念与政策

Japan and Southeast Asia Regional Order Construction: Idea and Policy

冷战后日本与东南亚地区秩序的构建问题应引起学界足够的重视。地区秩序与国际秩序有相通之处,但也有其独特性。地区范围、地区制度框架及地区统合原则是地区秩序的构成要素。在东南亚秩序构建进程中,日本形成相互并存的、多层次地区概念。从亚太到扩大的东亚、“自由与繁荣之弧”和“两洋交会”再到“印太构想”,日本的地区秩序观经历经济导向、价值观导向及印太框架3个时期的演变。日本从强调包容性转变为强调同质性,价值观外交愈发突出。日本通过双边与小多边主义强化安全合作,安全议题的分量不断上升。以新版“安保三文件”为指导,日本在2023年推进名为“政府安全保障能力强化支援”(OSA)的安全合作新框架,使援助外交从单一的经济发展援助走向“经济+安全”双轨并行的新态势。日本从均势与陆海对立的思维定势出发,地区概念的适用范围不断扩大,试图借此阻滞与稀释中国的影响力。

The engagement of Japan's order-building in Southeast Asia ought to be highlighted.In terms of component elements,regional order shares common characteristics with international order,but also displays its own distinct and unique features.Regional scope,regional institutional frameworks,and regional integrity principles constitute regional order.Amid the process of Japan's engagement of Southeast Asia order,this region forms an interrelated as well as multi-level regional concepts.From Asia-pacific,broader East Asian,Arc of Freedom and Prosperity,Confluence of the Two Seas to FOIP,the vision of Japan's regional order experienced three stages,including economic-dominated,value-oriented,and FOIP-based visions and practices.During the transition,value-oriented diplomacy has increased significantly,and Japan more and more makes stress on exclusion of heterogeneity rather than inclusiveness.What is more,security issues are more highlighted and emphasized,and Japan reinforces its security cooperations via bilateralism and minilateralism.Fumio Kishida cabinet invented a new security framework called“official security assistance(OSA)”,in which Japan can advance its diplomatic goals not only by traditional“official development assistance(ODA)”but through both ODA and OSA.Last but not least,Japan,from land-based state versus maritime state mindset,has been continuously enlarging the regional scope to dilute and obstruct China’s influence.