蒙以养正——幼儿德育的历史流变、时代新解与实践路径

Foster Children’s Moderation in Their Early Ages-The Historical Change,New Connotation and Practical Path of Preschool Moral Education

幼儿道德的发展具有系统性、连续性以及鲜明的社会性和时代性,对它的追求即是特定历史时期人们对人的社会角色和行为模式的价值预期。当今社会科技的飞速发展以及社会生活与交往方式的变革对幼儿道德的发展提出了新的诉求,成人当以更宽广的视角来审视幼儿道德与其整全发展之间的内在关联,赋予幼儿德育更丰富的内涵。《周易》提出的“蒙以养正”的儿童发展理念为新时期幼儿德育工作的优化提供了思想启迪,应将对“德”的理解从伦理道德拓展到人类个体为更好地适应和改造社会而所应具备的各项基础能力和关键品质。成人应从幼儿的全面发展及其与外部环境的协同出发,把握幼儿德育时代内涵,优化幼儿德育思维,强化幼儿德育研究,改进幼儿德育方法,建构大中小幼一体、家园社协同的幼儿德育体系,不断提升幼儿德育实效和幼儿发展水平。

The development of children’s morality is systematic,continuous,and has distinct sociality and epochal character.The pursuit of it is the value expectation of people’s social role and behavior pattern in a specific historical period.The rapid development of science and technology in today’s society and the change of social life and communication mode have put forward new demands for the development of children’s morality.Adults should examine the internal relationship between children’s morality and its integral development from a broader perspective,and enshrine more abundant connotation in children’s moral education.Zhouyi provides an ideological inspiration for the optimization of early childhood moral education in the new era.We should extend the understanding of“virtue”from ethics to the key qualities and basic abilities that human individuals should possess in order to better adapt to and transform the society.Adults should start from the comprehensive development of children and the coordination with the external environment,grasp the connotation of the era of moral education for children,optimize the thinking of moral education for children,strengthen the research on moral education for children,improve the methods of moral education for children,build a system of moral education for children that integrates large,medium,small and young and coordinated by the home community,and constantly improve the effectiveness and development level of moral education for children.