小胶质细胞活化在脊髓损伤中的中医研究进展

Progress of Chinese medicine research on microglia activation in spinal cord injury

脊髓损伤(SCI)是脊柱骨科常见的严重的中枢神经系统疾患,其发病机制复杂,发病率呈上升趋势,迄今为止,临床上尚未形成具体的诊疗方案。阴阳失衡是脊髓损伤发生发展的基础。脊髓损伤发生后,小胶质细胞受到刺激,通过经典激活状态和替代激活状态,极化为M1、M2小胶质细胞,这两种不同的状态在脊髓损伤过程中发挥不同的作用,与中医阴阳学说中的阴阳平衡、相互对立相对应。研究表明,小胶质细胞不仅在神经元的营养和维护中发挥重要作用,同时在脊髓损伤后的修复和再生中也起着举足轻重的作用。因此,治疗脊髓损伤应以此为依据,调整脊髓内环境,达到阴阳平衡状态,进而促进脊髓神经修复。本文从中医阴阳理论出发,探讨小胶质细胞在脊髓损伤后炎症反应中的作用,为临床中医治疗SCI提供理论依据。

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a common and serious central nervous system disease in spinal orthopedics.Its pathogenesis is complex and its incidence is on the rise.So far,no specific diagnosis and treatment plan has been formed in clinic.Yin-yang imbalance is the basis of spinal cord injury.After spinal cord injury,microglia are stimulated and polarized into M1 and M2 microglia through classical activation state and alternative activation state.These two different states play different roles in the process of spinal cord injury,corresponding to the yin and yang balance and mutual opposition in the theory of yin and yang in Chinese medicine.Studies have shown that microglia not only play an important role in the nutrition and maintenance of neurons,but also play an important role in the repair and regeneration of spinal cord injury.Therefore,the treatment of spinal cord injury should be based on this,adjust the spinal cord environment to achieve the balance of yin and yang,and then promote the spinal cord nerve repair.Based on the theory of yin and yang in Chinese medicine,this paper discusses the role of microglia in inflammation after spinal cord injury and provides theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of SCI.