案外人执行异议之诉检视与重构——从一则被执行人配偶主张所有权排除执行案例切入

Review and Reconstruction of the Stranger Dissent Litigation—Starting from a Case Where the Spouse of the Executed Person Claims Ownership to Exclude Execution

我国诉讼裁判遵循以实体法要件构成的独立法律事实为审理对象,实行“一法律事实一诉”,加之,妨害民事执行的强制措施长期处于“虚无”,导致案外人、特别是与被执行人有关联关系的案外人对所有权排除执行的执行异议之诉的滥用,成为被执行人中断或拖延执行、逃避债务的“主流手段”。建议以民事强制执行法立法为契机解决此种现象诱发的“执行难”问题:(一)重塑案外人执行异议之诉的制度目的;(二)废止前置程序;(三)设立专业化的执异审判庭,并强化法官释明权的行使;(四)增加诉讼成本和加大法律责任的适用力度以制约异议诉权的任意行使。

China’s litigation decision follows the independent legal facts with the substantive law constitutive elements as the object of trial,the implementation of“one legal fact,one lawsuit”,while coercive measures to hinder the civil execution are in the state of“ineffectiveness”for a long time,resulting in the abuse of the dissent litigation of the outsiders,especially those who are related to the executor precluding enforcement by filing a proprietary claim has become a“mainstream means”for an executor to interrupt or delay enforcement and avoid debts.This paper suggests to use civil enforcement law legislation as an opportunity to solve the“implementation difficulties”induced by this phenomenon:(1)remodeling the system purpose for the outsiders’litigation of execution objections;(2)abolishing the preliminaries;(3)establishing specialized implementation of the court,and strengthen judges’interpretation right;(4)increasing the cost of litigation and the application of legal liability in order to restrain the arbitrary exercise of the right to challenge.