贵州苗疆走廊与屯堡聚落的空间格局及其嵌合机制研究

Study on the Spatial Pattern and Mosaic Mechanism of Guizhou Miaojiang Corridor and Tunpu Settlements

贵州苗疆走廊的开辟,推进了西南地区的发展进程和屯堡聚落演变。文章针对苗疆走廊与屯堡聚落的研究缺乏空间视角的现状,以空间量化分析为基础,结合史料与田野调查,探讨苗疆走廊与屯堡聚落的空间格局及其形成的嵌合机制。研究表明,苗疆走廊沿着入滇通道的“东线”形成,苗疆走廊与屯堡聚落是地理环境和历史事件所缠绕的时空格局的一体两面。上述格局是在地理环境所赋予的历史机遇中,通过“恒量”与“变量”的叠加嵌合而成。前者包括高程、水系、坡度、起伏度等相对稳定的地理要素,后者是通过军事聚落的选址、聚落体系的完善、水利系统的支撑、民族文化的互嵌而人为施加的影响。文章体现的多学科交融的空间视角是对区域研究的有益尝试,可望为复杂人文地理环境中的人居环境研究拓展新的技术方法。

The opening of Guizhou Miaojiang Corridor in history has promoted the development process of southwest China and the evolution of Guizhou Tunpu settlements.In view of the current situation that the research on the Miaojiang Corridor and Tunpu settlements lacks a spatial perspective,this study,based on spatial quantitative analysis,combined with historical data and Field research,discusses the spatial pattern of the Miaojiang Corridor and Tunpu settlements and the chimeric mechanism of their formation.Research has shown that the Miaojiang Corridor is formed along the“eastern line”of the Yunnan Corridor,and the Miaojiang Corridor and Tunpu settlements are one and two sides of the spatiotemporal pattern intertwined by geographical environment and historical events.The above pattern is formed through the superposition and integration of“constant”and“variable”in the historical opportunities given by the geographical environment.The former includes relatively stable geographical elements such as elevation,water system,slope,and undulation,while the latter is artificially influenced through the selection of military settlements,the improvement of settlement systems,the support of water conservancy systems,and the embedding of ethnic cultures.The multi-disciplinary spatial perspective reflected in this study is a useful attempt for Area studies,which is expected to expand new technical methods for the study of human settlements in complex human geographical environment.