资本主义劳动主体批判——基于福柯系谱学的视角

A Critique of the Capitalist Subject of Labour——Based on Foucault's Genealogical Perspective

劳动主体与劳动本质论是对“人”的常见理解。但是,从福柯式的系谱的视角来看,这一理解是殊为可疑的。从中世纪劳动对人的否定转变为现代劳动对人的肯定,不过是资本主义兴起以来的发明,并通过洛克、国民经济学家与黑格尔等资产阶级学者思想得以理论化。在实践上,作为无产阶级本质的“劳动”,实际上是资本主义通过以司法制度为代表的权力技术制造出来的。资本主义的生命政治将人的身体与生命作为统治对象,并将之束缚于生产秩序中,规训为“驯顺而有用”的主体。面对这种现状,重申马克思意义上的“消灭劳动”,方有可能开创无产阶级社会解放的未来。

The subject of labour and the idea that‘labour is the essence of human'is a common understanding of human.However,from a Foucauldian genealogical perspective,such understanding can be highly questionable.The transformation of labour from a medieval negation of human to an affirmation of human has been an invention since the rise of capitalism and has been theorised through the ideas of bourgeois scholars such as Locke,the national economists and Hegel.In practice,labour as the essence of the proletariat,is in fact a creation of capitalism's technology of power,such like the judicial system.The capitalist biopolitics makes the human body and life the object of domination and binds it to the order of production,disciplining it to become a"docile and useful"subject.In the face of this state of affairs,it is appropriate to reaffirm the"abolition of labour"in the Marxian sense,in order to make possible a future of proletarian social emancipation.