基于眼动追踪技术的引航员情景意识识别研究

Research on situation awareness recognition for pilots based on eye-tracking techniques

情景意识(Situation Awareness,SA)缺失是引航作业人为失误的主要根源,有效识别引航员SA水平是保障引航安全的关键。针对现有测量方法的侵入性、主观性、间断性问题,设计典型场景引航模拟试验,利用眼动特征开展引航员SA水平识别研究。应用眼动追踪技术实时采集引航员的眼动试验数据;采用独立样本t检验和Mann-Whitney检验方法研究SA与眼动指标的关联效应;基于敏感眼动指标结合支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)构建引航员SA识别模型,实现引航操作任务下SA的有效识别。结果显示:高SA组的视觉搜索效率大于低SA组,高SA组主要关注窗外视景而低SA组更多关注电子海图,高SA组比低SA组获取信息的能力更强;平均扫视次数(Average Saccade Count,ASC)、注视总时间百分比(Fixation Duration Percentage,FDP)、平均注视持续时间(Average Fixation Duration,AFD)3个眼动指标与引航员SA水平具有显著相关性;采用“ASC+FDP+AFD”组合指标时且在5 s时间窗口长度下,SA识别准确率达到92.23%。研究结果表明了该识别模型的有效性。

Aiming at the invasiveness,subjectivity,and discontinuity of existing measurement methods,this paper designed pilotage simulation experiments in typical scenes,and researched SA level recognition for pilots using eye movement features.Eye-tracking techniques were applied to collect pilots eye movement data in real time,and the SART method was used to determine the SA level of pilots.The independent sample t test and Mann-Whitney test were used to investigate the correlation effect between SA and eye movement features,and the sensitive eye movement indexes significantly correlated with SA were obtained.Based on the sensitive eye movement metrics combined with a support vector machine(SVM),a pilot SA recognition model was constructed to achieve effective recognition of SA under pilotage operation tasks.The results show that the Average Saccade Count(ASC)in the high SA group(AOI 1:5.42 Times/s,AOI 2:5.06 Times/s)is greater than that in the low SA group(AOI 1:2.95 Times/s,AOI 2:2.53 Times/s),and the visual search efficiency in the high SA group is greater than that in the low SA group.The Fixation Duration Percentage(FDP)in the high SA group in AOI 1(32.23%)is less than that in AOI 2(49.30%),and FDP in the low SA group in AOI 1(52.74%)is greater than that in the AOI 2(26.34%).The high SA pilots mainly focus on the view outside the window,while the low SA pilots pay more attention to the electronic chart.The average Fixation Duration(AFD)in the high and low SA groups in the AOI 1(high SA:0.21 s,low SA:0.59 s)is greater than that in the AOI 2(high SA:0.15 s,low SA:0.26 s),and the high SA group has a better ability to acquire information.ASC,FDP,and AFD are significantly correlated with the SA level of pilots.When employing the combined ASC,FDP,and AFD measures for a 5s time window,the SA recognition accuracy reaches 92.23%.The results of the study verify the recognition model.