核电厂气态^(14)C辐射剂量估算模型研究

Study on Calculation Model for Radiation Dose of Gaseous^(14)C in Nuclear Power Plants

核电厂释放的^(14)C是公众剂量的主要贡献核素,因此有必要合理评价核电厂^(14)C排放所致公众辐射剂量。对目前国内外气态^(14)C辐射剂量估算模型进行分析比较,结果表明比活度模型假设受照人体内、陆生动植物产品中、环境大气中^(14)C与^(12)C的比率均相同,不考虑环境空气中稳定碳浓度变化、以及具体动植物产品中稳定碳的含量,会导致剂量估算结果偏保守;通过对模型参数选取的分析研究,发现空气、动植物产品中稳定碳浓度的含量对^(14)C辐射剂量估算结果影响较大。因此建议对核电厂场址周围不同类型动植物产品中稳定碳含量进行测量,获得较为实际的参数用于核电厂气态^(14)C辐射剂量评价。

^(14)C is one of the radionuclides that mainly contribute to the public radiation dose,it is necessary to evaluate the public radiation dose of 14C from nuclear power plants.This paper analyzed and compared the calculation models for public radiation dose of^(14)C at home and abroad.The results showed that:1.The assumption that the value of^(14)C/^(12)C is the same in human body,air and terrestrial plants and animals will get a conservative result.It is possible to correct the calculation model.2.The stable carbon concentration in terrestrial plants and animal products has a great impact on public radiation dose.Therefor we recommend that stable carbon content in different types of animals and plants around the nuclear power plant should be measured,to obtain more realistic parameters for the evaluation of radiation dose of gaseous 14C in the nuclear power plant.