个人养老金制度参与意愿的影响因素分析——基于结构方程模型

Analysis of influencing factors of individual pension system participation willingness:based on structural equation model

个人养老金制度作为我国社会保障体系建设顶层设计中的一个重要制度安排,是多层次、多支柱养老保险体系的重要组成部分。2022年末制度落地以来,公众参保意愿不强,市场观望情绪浓厚。基于对全国个人养老金制度试点城市开展的问卷调查数据,采用结构方程模型系统分析个人养老金制度参与意愿的影响因素和相关影响机制,发现该制度的参与意愿与居民的年龄段、居住城市、工作状况及家庭金融资产规模紧密相关;认知水平和制度信任对感知有用性和感知易用性会产生显著的正向影响,进而影响参与意愿,而机制建设并非影响参与意愿的显著因素。建议个人养老金制度针对特定人群进行重点宣传,放宽提取要求,建立产品准入和退出制度并促进信息披露标准化。

As an important institutional arrangement in the top-level design of China's social security system,the individual pension system is an important part of the multi-level and multi-pillar pension insurance system.Since the implementation of the system at the end of 2022,the phenomenon of weak public participation willingness and strong market wait-and-see sentiment is prominent.Based on the questionnaire survey data of pilot cities of individual pension system in China,this paper uses structural equation model to systematically analyze the influencing factors and related influencing mechanisms of individual pension system participation intention.The results show that the willingness to participate in individual pension system is closely related to the age,living city,working status and family financial asset scale of residents.Cognitive level and institutional trust will have a significant positive impact on the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use,and then affect the participation willingness,while the mechanism construction is not a significant factor affecting the participation willingness.Therefore,this paper puts forward suggestions on the individual pension system such as focusing on publicity for specific groups,relaxing withdrawal requirements,establishing product access and exit system,and promoting the standardization of information disclosure.