滋养层模型研究进展

Research progress on trophoblast models

滋养层细胞是胎盘的主要组成成分,滋养层发育不良会导致胎盘缺陷,进而引发相关妊娠疾病。为阐明疾病致病机制及治疗相关疾病,有必要了解滋养层发育机制。鉴于伦理限制,人类滋养层研究并没有像小鼠那样成熟,合适的体外模型是目前研究的重点和难点。干细胞、类器官、材料科学及测序技术的快速发展极大地促进了体外滋养层发育模型的建立与研究。近年来,国内外研究团队陆续报道了一系列二维(2D)和三维(3D)滋养层发育模型,用于模拟体内胎盘发育和功能。本文主要围绕滋养层的发育、体外滋养层发育模型的建立及其应用等进行综述,为相关研究提供参考。

Trophoblast cells are the main component of placentas,and poor development of trophoblasts can lead to placental defects and related pregnancy diseases.To study the underlying mechanisms and therapy of related diseases,it is necessary to understand the development of trophoblasts.Due to ethical limitations,research on human trophoblasts is not as mature as mice,and it’s of great importance to build suitable in vitro models.With the development of researches on stem cells,organoids,materials science and sequencing technology,studies on in vitro trophoblast models have been greatly promoted.In recent years,a series of two dimension(2D)and three dimension(3D)trophoblast models that mimic the development and function of placentas have been reported by many groups.Here we mainly review the development of trophoblasts,in vitro trophoblast models and their applications,in order to provide references for related research.