杂交籼稻“一种两收”头季高温热害调查及对再生稻的影响

Investigation on High Temperature and Heat Damage of Indica Hybrid Rice in Two Seasons and Its Effects on Regenerative Season

以“一种两收”展示试验的18个杂交籼稻品种为材料,将穗形分成中大穗和中小穗,分别考查结实率,研究在自然条件下孕穗至抽穗阶段遇上中等强度高温对再生稻的影响。结果表明,品种间抗热性存在差异。在抽穗阶段遇上高温的14个品种中,深优粤禾丝苗和甬优4901的中大穗和中小穗结实率在85%以上,表现强抗热性,Y两优911的中大穗和中小穗结实率在80%以上,表现较强抗热性,其余品种的中大穗和中小穗结实率在80%以下或中大穗与中小穗结实率差距在10百分点以上,表现抗热性一般或弱;在孕穗阶段遇上高温的4个品种中,仅晶两优华占表现较强抗热性。随着高温热害的产生,头季灌浆期缩短,产量降低,再生季抽穗期提前。最后提出了桐城市再生稻减轻高温热害措施。

With 18 Indica hybrid rice varieties as research materials,ear shape was divided into middle big ear and middle small ear.Seed setting rate was investigated and the effects of moderate high temperature from booting to heading on regenerative season were researched under natural condition.Results showed that there were differences in heat resistance among varieties.Among the 14 varieties,seed-setting rates of middle big ear and middle small ear of Shenyouyuehesimiao and Yongyou 4901 were above 85%,showing strong heat resistance.Seed-setting rates of middle big ear and middle small ear of Y Liangyou 911 was above 80%,showing relatively strong heat resistance.Seed-setting rates of middle big ear and middle small ear of other varieties were below 80%,and the seed-setting rates between middle big ear and middle small ear were above 10 percentage points,showing general or weak heat resistance.With the occurrence of high temperature,filling stage of first season shortened,yield reduced and heading period of regenerative season happened in advance.Finally,measures to reduce high temperature heat damage of regenerative season in Tongcheng City were put forward.