NFT数字藏品交易行为法律属性认定及规制路径

Legal Attribute Recognition and Regulatory Path of NFT Digital Collection Trading Behavior

NFT数字藏品是经过区块链技术处理的,以数字化形态存在的文件,具有唯一性、无法篡改性与可交易性。其法律属性及相关交易行为性质仍存争议,“发行说”忽视了技术对法律属性的影响,区块链技术消弭了作品的非排他性与非竞争性,故交易链上的NFT数字藏品无需由《著作权法》保护;“物权说”忽略了“物”应有的独立性。NFT数字藏品应为债权凭证。基于此,将与NFT数字藏品有关的行为,以交易链条与行为对象特性为界分,分为链上行为与链下行为,链上行为受民法调整,链下行为由著作权法规制。这既能够保证法律的统一性与可期待性,又能抑制著作权不当扩张,推动NFT数字藏品市场的健康发展。

NFT digital collectibles are files that have been processed through blockchain technology and exist in digital form,with uniqueness,immutability,and tradability.There is still controversy over its legal attributes and the nature of related transaction behaviors.The“distribution theory”ignores the impact of technology on legal attributes.Blockchain technology eliminates the non exclusivity and non competitiveness of works,so NFT digital collections on the transaction chain do not need to be protected by the Copyright Law;The theory of property rights overlooks the independence that“things”should have.NFT digital collectibles should be debt certificates.Based on this,behaviors related to NFT digital collectibles are divided into on chain and off chain behaviors based on the characteristics of the transaction chain and the behavior object.On chain behaviors are regulated by civil law,while off chain behaviors are regulated by copyright law.This can ensure the uniformity and predictability of the law,as well as curb the improper expansion of copyright and promote the healthy development of the NFT digital collectible market.