新育种技术视角下实质性派生品种制度的再思考

Rethinking the Essentially Derived Varieties System from the Perspective of New Breeding Techniques

转基因等新育种技术兴起是创设实质性派生品种(EDV)制度的主要原因。EDV制度具有减少修饰性育种、鼓励育种原始创新等价值,我国在新修改的《种子法》中引入了该制度。然而,新育种技术特别是基因编辑技术的快速发展,使该制度在实践中面临EDV判断标准难以确定、新育种技术改良成果转化受阻和育种者间利益失衡等困境。应立足于激励原始创新、促进新技术运用和实现利益平衡之三重目的,从设定差异化的认定标准、引入责任规则与再平衡育种者利益等方面调整EDV制度,使该制度同育种技术的发展相调适。我国已开始基因编辑品种商业化,需综合种业市场现状和育种技术发展趋势,制定符合国情的EDV制度实施办法,以推动该制度有效实施,发挥其应有功能。

The rise of new breeding techniques such as genetic modification is the main reason for introducing the essentially derived variety(EDV)system.EDV system has the value of reducing the modification of breeding and encouraging the original innovation of breeding,which is introduced into the newly revised Seed Law in China.However,the rapid development of new breeding technology,espe-cially gene editing technology,has posed challenges to the implementation of this system,including diffi-culties in determining the EDV assessment criteria,obstacles in application of the improved results of new breeding technology and the imbalance of interests among breeders.Accordingly,the EDV system should be adapted to the development of breeding technology from the aspects of setting differentiated identification standards,introducing responsibility rules and rebalancing the interests of breeders for the triple purpose of stimulating original innovation,promoting the application of new technology and realiz-ing the balance of interests.As China has begun to commercialize gene-edited varieties,it is necessary to work out the implementation method of EDV system according to the current situation of seed industry and the development trend of breeding technology to promote the effective implementation of the system and ensure its proper functioning.