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球形粉体制备技术研究进展 被引量:1

Research progress on preparation technology of spherical powder
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摘要 【目的】球形粉体由于具有更好的流动性和均匀性被广泛应用于增强材料、涂料、陶瓷、3D打印等领域。为了满足不同行业对粉体材料的表面特性和物理性能要求,提升产品性能,降低工艺损失,促进绿色制造,对球形粉体制备技术的研究现状进行总结和思考。【研究现状】综述球形粉体常见制备技术,包括传统物理法(机械整形法和喷雾干燥法)、化学法(气相化学反应法、沉淀法、水热合成法、溶胶凝胶法及微乳液法)和高温熔融法(等离子体球化法、雾化法和气体燃烧火焰成球法),总结上述方法的优势及目前的局限性,重点阐述不同球形粉体材料制备技术的基本原理与应用领域的研究进展。【展望】对球形粉体制备技术的发展趋势进行分析与展望,认为高温熔融法是最具实现大规模工业化生产潜力的球形粉体制备技术,提出高纯超细、窄分布、粒径可控、高球化率、高效率工业智能化绿色生产是我国未来球形粉体制备技术的发展趋势。 Significance Powder serves as significant industrial raw materials,with increasingly high performance requirements driven by its diverse applications.In addition to requiring very low impurity content and fine particle size with strict particle size distribu⁃tion,powders also need to have a certain particle morphology.Spherical powder offers distinct advantages over conventional pow⁃ders,mainly evident in the following aspects:1)Surface Morphology and Defects:Spherical powder exhibits uniform surface mor⁃phology and fewer defects,reducing the loss of mold in the production process to the finished product;2)Particle Size Distribu⁃tion:Spherical powders have a narrower and more uniform particle size distribution compared to irregular powders,enhancing product consistency and performance;3)Improved Mobility:The spherical shape of the powder promotes better flowability,increasing powder filling capacity,particularly beneficial in powder metallurgy applications,enhancing part density;4)Uniform Shrinkage During Sintering:Spherical powder shrinks more uniformly during sintering,facilitating grain size regulation.Given its excellent performance in surface morphology,particle size distribution and flow properties,spherical powders find extensive use across various industries.This paper presents a summary of the current status of spherical powder preparation technology based on the research progress of common spherical powder preparation technology.The different preparation principles are cat⁃egorized into three types:traditional physical method,chemical method,and high temperature melting method.It analyses the development of existing technology and provides a reference for future development of new technologies and theoretical research on spherical powder preparation.Progress The traditional physical method for preparing spherical powder,despite the widespread availability and low cost of raw materials,has the potential for industrialization.However,this method requires high-quality production equipment,and the indi⁃cators cannot be well guaranteed after the production,limiting its applicability to situations where product quality requirements are less stringent.Chemical methods for preparing spherical powders,although ensuring uniformity of particle size and high purity,tend to require significant quantities of chemical reagents(surfactants,precipitants,etc.).They face challenges in remov⁃ing organic impurities,are prone to agglomeration,and struggle to scale up to industrial-scale production.The high-temperature melting method is a common approach for preparing high-melting-point powders,such as quartz powder and most of the metal powder materials.This method yields powders with a high degree of sphericity,low impurity content and narrow particle size dis⁃tribution.The technology could be adjusted to meet different requirements according to the powder's melting point and tempera⁃ture range.The production process is environmentally friendly,with minimal environmental damage.The obtained spherical pow⁃der has significantly improved tap density,sphericity,and mobility,making the technology suitable for high-end applications.It demonstrates the preparation technology with the greatest potential for large-scale industrialized production of high-performance spherical powder materials.Conclusions and Prospects Powder spheroidization technology plays a crucial role in modern industry and technology,enhanc⁃ing powder properties,manufacturing precision and efficiency,and promoting green practices.It optimizes material characteris⁃tics to meet diverse requirements across pharmaceuticals,food,chemicals,and more.Despite advancements,challenges persist in large-scale application and theoretical research.Traditional physical methods for spherical powder production are cost-effective but struggle to guarantee particle quality,limiting suitability for high-quality products.Future developments should prioritize automation and smart manufacturing technologies,integrating advanced control systems,machine learning,and artificial intelli⁃gence.Establishing industry standards is essential to ensure reproducibility and comparability in spherical powder preparation processes and product properties.Spherical powders produced using chemical methods require precise chemical inputs to achieve uniform particle size and high purity.However,these methods often face challenges in removing organic impurities and preventing agglomeration,hindering industrial-scale production.High-temperature melting methods,while promising for highmelting-point powders,must address environmental concerns related to harmful emissions.Future advancements should focus on developing environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies,reducing waste generation,and utilizing eco-friendly raw mate⁃rials to align with global green production standards.Despite significant progress in spherical powder preparation technology,achieving highly precise regulation of particle size remains elusive,crucial for industries like biomedical and electronics.Future developments will require advanced methods for particle shape and size control,involving sophisticated process parameter con⁃trol,exploration of new catalysts,and catalytic reaction research.Spherical powder preparation technology transcends disciplines,including chemistry,materials science,and engineering.Promoting interdisciplinary research and collaboration is crucial for advancing the technology and addressing complex challenges.By integrating expertise from various fields,researchers can develop innovative approaches and solutions to enhance spherical powder production and application.In summary,the future of spherical powder preparation technology lies in leveraging automation,smart manufacturing,and sustainable practices to improve particle quality and meet diverse industry demands.Advancements in size and shape control,along with interdisciplinary collabo⁃ration,will propel innovation and widespread adoption across industries.
作者 彭琳 谭琦 刘磊 钱晨光 李春全 孙志明 袁方 PENG Lin;TAN Qi;LIU Lei;QIAN Chenguang;LI Chunquan;SUN Zhiming;YUAN Fang(School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,CAGS,Zhengzhou 450006,China;National Engineering Research Center for Multipurpose Utilization of Nonmetallic Mineral Resources,Zhengzhou 450006,China)
出处 《中国粉体技术》 CAS CSCD 2024年第3期12-27,共16页 China Powder Science and Technology
基金 国家自然科学基金项目,编号:52304310 中国地质调查局地质调查项目,编号:DD20221698。
关键词 球形粉体 球形化 高温熔融 等离子体 spherical powder spheroidization high-temperature melting plasma
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