民事终结本次执行程序的制度嬗变与程序完善

The System Transmutation and Procedure Optimization of Terminating Current Execution Procedure

民事终结本次执行程序源于法院执行实践,是法院为无可供执行财产或财产无法强制执行案件设置的一种暂时性退出机制,该制度形成之初强调“清理积案”的工具功能而忽视了自身的系统性构建,以2015年施行《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》解释为分界点,该制度在经历了碎片化、内部体系化、外部体系化的阶段后,逐渐演化为重要的执行监管手段。2022年《中华人民共和国民事强制执行法(草案)》中进一步明晰了其适用条件和效力,但该制度仍面临着财产查明倚重职权调查、财产报告“违法过剩”引起制度空转、穷尽财产调查措施、可供执行财产认定标准有待明确、异化为“准结案”等现实问题。基于实务中存在的问题,文章明确制度设计理念、科学设定法院与执行当事人间的权利义务分工,提出终结本次执行程序的优化设想,以期提高司法执行的工作质效。

The current termination of execution procedure originates from the execution practice,and is a temporary withdrawal mechanism set by the court for cases where there is no property for execution or property cannot be enforced.At the beginning of its formation,the system emphasized the tool function of“clearing accumulated cases”while ignoring its own systematic construction.Taking the interpretation of the application of the Civil Litigation Law in 2015 as the demarcation point,the system has gradually evolved into an important means of enforcement supervision after experiencing the stages of fragmentation,internal systematization,external sysematization.In 2022,the“Civil Enforcement Law(Draft)”further clarified its application conditions and effectiveness,but the system still faces practical problems such as property identification relying heavily on authority investigation,“illegal excess”of property reports causing the system to idling,exhausted property investigation measures,enforceable property identification standards need to be clear,and alienation to“quasi-closed cases”,etc.Based on the problems in practice,the paper clarifies the concept of system design,scientifically sets the division of rights and obligations between the court and the executing parties,and puts forward the optimization idea of ending the execution procedure,in order to improve the quality and efficiency of judicial execution.