2011-2021年北京市通州区自然疫源性疾病及虫媒传染病流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2011 to 2021

目的分析北京市通州区自然疫源性疾病及虫媒传染病流行特征,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2011-2021年自然疫源性疾病及虫媒传染病监测资料进行统计分析。结果北京市通州区无甲类鼠疫报告,乙类自然疫源性疾病及虫媒传染病报告7种218例,年均发病率为1.40/10万,死亡10例,病死率为4.59%,年均死亡率为0.06/10万,10例死亡病例均为狂犬病,2011-2017年发病呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=35.44,P<0.05),2018-2021年呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=17.86,P<0.05)。7种病种按照发病数由高到低依次为布鲁菌病、疟疾、狂犬病、出血热、登革热、流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)和血吸虫。21个街乡或地区有病例报告,以农村地区为主,每年3-9月为发病高峰,占73.39%。男性发病率明显高于女性(χ^(2)=90.66,P<0.05),以40~<70岁年龄组发病为主,占71.56%%;农民病例数最多,占40.83%。丙类自然疫源性疾病及虫媒传染病报告3种4例,平均发病率为0.10/10万。结论2011-2021年北京市通州区自然疫源性疾病及虫媒传染病发病呈先上升后下降趋势,主要以本地布鲁菌病和输入性疟疾为主。应加强联防联控、健康教育和疫苗接种等工作,有效控制疫情的蔓延。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases in Tongzhou District of Beijing,provide a basis for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to statistically analyze the surveillance data of natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases from 2011 to 2021.Results There was no class A infectious disease of pestis case reported in Tongzhou District of Beijing,a total of 218 cases of seven kinds of class B natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases,and the annual average incidence rate was 1.40/100000.There were 10 deaths,the fatality rate was 4.59%,and the annual average mortality was 0.06/100000,10 dead cases were all rabies.The incidence showed an upward trend from 2011 to 2017(χ^(2)_(trend)=35.44,P<0.05),and a downward trend from 2018 to 2021(χ^(2)_(trend)=17.86,P<0.05).The seven types of diseases,in descending order of incidence,were as follows:brucellosis,malaria,rabies,hemorrhagic fever,dengue fever,encephalitis B,and schistosomiasis.The cases had been reported in 21 townships or districts,mainly in rural areas.The incidence peak appeared March to September every year,accounting for 73.39%.The incidence rate of males was significantly higher than that of females(χ^(2)=90.66,P<0.05).The cases were mainly in the age group of 40-<70 years old,accounting for 71.56%.The farmers had the largest number of cases,accounting for 40.83%.A total of four cases of three kinds of class C natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases were reported,and the average incidence rate was 0.10/100000.Conclusions The incidence of natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases in Tongzhou District of Beijing increased first and then decreased from 2011 to 2021,and the main diseases are local brucellosis and imported malaria.It is necessary to strengthen joint prevention and control,health education,vaccination and other work to effectively control the spread of the epidemic.