行为公共管理视角下的信息通信技术与街头官僚问责制:理论述评与模型构建

Information and Communication Technology and Accountability of Street Level Bureaucrats from Perspective of Behavioral Public Administration:A Theoretical Review and Modeling

拥有自由裁量权的街头官僚广泛介入公共事务故需要问责制,但因街头环境的特殊性而长期存在问责困境。数字时代信息通信技术(ICT)被寄予厚望,但未聚焦街头官僚问责制,反而引发ICT对街头官僚自由裁量权的“限权—赋权”争论。本文首先回顾李普斯基对街头官僚问责制的定义,其群际关系与行为模式取向要求区分问责主体、关注街头官僚的感知和行为,归纳街头官僚可问责性的事实可能性与价值适当性。其次在述评宏观技术与制度视角、中观组织与ICT类型,以及微观“政府端—公民端”感知问责与应对/问责行为三个层面文献的基础上,构建了行为公共管理视角下数字时代街头官僚问责制的分析模型。最后进行未来研究展望,以期夯实数字时代街头官僚问责的微观基础。

Street level bureaucrats with discretion widely intervene in public affairs,thereby they should be accountable.However due to the specificity of street level environment,there has been a long-standing dilemma of accountability.The information and communication technology(ICT)in digital era was given high expectation,but the application of ICT sparked a debate on"curtailment-enablement"street bureaucrats'discretion,while unfocused on accountability of street level bureaucrats.We first review Lipsky's definition of accountability of street level bureaucrats.The intergroup relation ship and behavioral pattern approaches of which require us to distinguishing accountability forums and focusing on the perceptions and behaviors of street level bureaucrats.Then we summarize the objective accountability and felt accountability by different subjects from two dimensions,i.e.factual possibility and value appropriateness dimensions.Secondly,based on the review of literature at three levels:macro technical and institutional perspectives,meso organizational and ICT types,and micro"bureaucrat-citizen"perception of accountability and copying/accountability behaviors,an analytical model accountability of street bureaucrats in digital era was constructed from the perspective of behavioral public administration.Finally,future research prospects are presented to solidify the micro foundation of accountability of street bureaucrats in digital era.