决明子本草考证

Textual Research of Juemingzi(Cassiae Semen)

决明子为临床常用清热药,应用广泛,历史悠久,始载于《神农本草经》,列为上品。内服可润肠通便、清肝明目,外用可治肿毒、癣疾。查阅历代本草著作发现,决明子名称较多,有“决明子”“草决明子”“马蹄决明”“羊明”等;自古在安徽、广东、四川、广西、陕西、山西等地均有种植,与今决明子国内主产区一致;从品种而言,东汉至清代多数古籍记载决明子的基源植物有钝叶决明或小决明和望江南,近现代《中华人民共和国药典》和《中华本草》记载决明子的基源植物只有钝叶决明或小决明,没有望江南;古籍记载决明子的常见炮制方法有打碎或炒,如“打碎”“捣碎”“劈破研碎”“研”“炒”“微炒”“炒熟”,唐代的醋制法、宋代的火炙法均未见沿用,明代创酒制法见清代沿用;与古本草相比,现行《中华人民共和国药典》未记载其性平,归肾、胆经的内容,可见《中华人民共和国药典》对其性味归经的记载是在历代本草的基础上有选择地继承;此外,系统整理了历代本草与方书中决明子的功效主治、采收及鉴别,并进行系统的本草考证,以期为决明子资源的进一步研究与利用提供参考和借鉴。

Juemingzi(Cassiae Semen)is a commonly used clinical antipyretic medicine,widely used and has a long history,originally published in the Shennong Materia Medica,listed as the top product.Internal administration can moisturize the intestines and laxative,clear the liver and clear the eyes,and external use can treat swelling,poison and ringworm.Consulting the works of materia medica,it is found that there are many aliases for Juemingzi(Cassiae Semen),including“Cassiae Semen”“grass Cassiae Semen”“horseshoe Cassia”“sheep Cassia”and so on.Since ancient times,it has been planted in Anhui,Guangdong,Sichuan,Guangxi,Shaanxi,Shanxi and other places,which is consistent with the main domestic production areas of Cassia today;In terms of varieties,most ancient books from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty recorded that the base source plants of Cassia were blunt-leaved Cassia or small Cassia and Wangjiangnan,and the modern Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and Chinese Materia Medica recorded that the base source plants of Cassia were only blunt-leaved Cassia or small Cassia,and there was no Wangjiangnan.Ancient books record that the common processing methods of Juemingzi(Cassiae Semen)are broken or stir-fried,such as“broken”“mashed”“split and crushed”“researched”“fried”“slightly”“stir-fried”,the vinegar method of the Tang Dynasty,the fire burning method of the Song Dynasty have not been used,and the wine production method of the Ming Dynasty is seen in the Qing Dynasty.Compared with ancient materia medica,the modern Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China does not record its sexual flatness,the content of the kidney and gallbladder meridians,it can be seen that the records of its sexual taste in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China today are selectively inherited on the basis of successive generations of materia medica.In addition,the efficacy,harvesting and identification of Juemingzi(Cassiae Semen)in the materia medicaa and medical book were systematically sorted out and analyzed,in order to provide reference and reference for the further research and utilization of Juemingzi(Cassiae Semen)resources.