严寒地区宜居低碳牧居建筑设计

DESIGN OF LIVABLE AND LOW-CARBON HERDSMAN DWELLINGS IN SERVERE COLD REGIONS

为改善捡烧牛粪燃能的利用方式,探索广大高原严寒牧区牧民住房绿色低碳转型路径,释放放牧草地生态系统蕴含的巨大减排增汇潜力和价值,文中以装配式低碳牧居替代捡烧牛粪的帐篷为导向,综述了近年来国内外严寒牧区牧民住房在装配式建筑、骨架与围护结构、光风互补供电系统和太阳能供暖系统四个方面绿色低碳技术的进展与态势,结合牧户调查、技术研发和牧居示范工程建设的实践,归纳、探讨了净零碳排放牧居技术路径,解析了取得初步成果的主要参数、经验和不足,为严寒地区牧居低碳化设计提供借鉴。得出“三室一廊”牧居、装配式骨架结构、低能耗围护结构、可再生能源替代和精细化管理可能成为牧区人与自然和谐共生现代化中新一代牧居的美好图景的结论。

This paper investigates the way of energy utilization by picking and burning cattle dung.The green and low-carbon transformation path of herdsman dwellings in the vast plateau cold pastoral areas is explored.The huge potential and the value of emission reduction and sink increase contained in the grazing grassland ecosystem are evaluated.Aiming at replacing traditional tents by prefabricated low-carbon herdsman dwellings,the progress and trends of green low-carbon technology in four aspects of herdsman dwellings in cold pastoral areas are reviewed,which are prefabricated construction,framework and envelope structures,wind-solar complementary power supply systems,and solar heating systems.Combining surveys of herders,technology research and development,and the construction practice of herdsman dwellings demonstration projects,the article analyzes the technical pathways of to net-zero carbon emission herdsman dwellings.It is concluded that grazing house with three rooms and one corridor,prefabricated skeleton structure,low energy consumption enclosure structure,renewable energy replacement,and fine management may contribute to the new generation of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in pastoral areas.