夏热冬冷地区动态传热保温设计室外典型气象参数确定方法

Method for Determining Typical Outdoor Meteorological Parameters of Dynamic Heat Transfer and Insulation Design in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Areas

GB50176-2016《民用建筑热工设计规范》中围护结构外墙保温设计采用稳态方法,但夏热冬冷地区由于特有的建筑运行模式,使外墙传热方向发生逆转,故稳态方法难以满足冬季室内热环境水平提升的实际需求。提出一种基于动态传热的冬季外墙保温设计室外计算温度确定方法,探究室外干球温度和太阳辐射逐时波动的最不利组合,将保温设计的目标由“日”提升到“时”。基于典型城市2007-2017年逐时气象数据,以外墙内表面温度的累计不保证天数作为热工设计指标,将累计不保证天数恰好不为0(指各朝向外墙内表面温度低于室内基本热舒适条件下所能允许温差的天数)时作为典型日挑选的依据,并将典型日出现频率最高的日期作为室外计算温度选取的依据,获得冬季保温设计典型日,并获得了典型日计算时长的影响。可为夏热冬冷地区围护结构外墙保温设计室外计算参数的挑选提供理论支撑。

In GB50176-2016“Code for Thermal Design of Civil Buildings”,the steady-state method is adopted in the external wall insulation design of the enclosure structure.However,due to the unique building operation mode in hot summer and cold winter areas,the heat transfer direction of the external wall is reversed,so the steady-state method is difficult to meet the actual needs of improving the indoor thermal environment in winter.A method of determining outdoor calculation temperature for exterior wall insulation design in winter based on dynamic heat transfer is proposed to explore the most unfavorable combination of outdoor dry bulb temperature and solar radiation fluctuation from time to time,and the goal of insulation design is raised from“day”to“hour”.Based on the hourly meteorological data of typical cities from 2007 to 2017,the cumulative number of non-guaranteed days of external wall internal surface temperature is taken as the thermal design index,and the selection of typical days when the cumulative non-guaranteed days are exactly not zero(referring to the number of days when the internal surface temperature of each facing external wall is lower than the allowable temperature difference under the basic indoor thermal comfort conditions)is taken as the basis.The date with the highest frequency of typical days is used as the basis for outdoor temperature calculation,and the typical days of winter thermal insulation design are obtained,and the influence of the calculation time of typical days is obtained.The research can provide theoretical support for the selection of outdoor calculation parameters of external wall insulation design in hot summer and cold winter areas.