经济统制政策视阈下的伪满商工公会研究

Study on the Puppet Manchukuo Chamber of Commerce and Industry from the Perspective of Economic Control Policy

为推行服务于日本侵略战争的经济统制政策,伪满洲国政府在日本的操纵下,于1937年颁布《商工公会法》,将原有的中国商会和日本商工会议所统合为商工公会。为了配合伪满洲国经济统制政策的实施,伪满商工公会组织了对地方经济的调查活动,建立了以参事会为核心的物资统制配给体系,动员了包括儿童在内的伪满洲国群众服务于战时经营与代用品生产活动。在参与经济统制、处理伪满政府与工商业者关系的过程中,商工公会呈现出利用旧有的中国商会网络增强统制能力、以完善经济统制体制为目的的帮扶工商业者及侵蚀以中国商人为主的小工商业者利益的特点。文章通过对伪满商工公会的考察,揭示了其在伪满经济统制中服务于日伪当局经济控制和掠夺的本质,为探讨沦陷区工商业团体如何被日本利用于经济侵华等领域的研究提供了新视角。

In order to implement the economic control policy in Northeast China to serve Japan's invasion war,the puppet Manchukuo government,which was under Japan's manipulation,promulgated The Law for Chambers of Commerce and Industry in 1937,integrating all existing Chinese commerce groups and Japanese commerce and industry associations into the puppet Manchukuo Chamber of Commerce and Industry.To promote the implementation of economic control policy in the Puppet Manchukuo,the puppet Chamber of Commerce and Industry organized surveys of the local economy,established a material control allocation system centered on the Advisory Council,and mobilized the Puppet Manchukuo people,including children to serve the wartime operating activities and production of substitute products.During this process of participating in economic control and dealing with the government's relationship with industrial and commercial groups,the puppet Chamber of Commerce and Industry showed characteristics of utilizing the existing Chinese Chamber of Commerce network to enhance control capabilities,assisting industrial and commercial entrepreneurs with the aim of improving economic control systems,and eroding the interests of small business owners primarily consisting of Chinese merchants.By examining the puppet Manchukuo Chamber of Commerce and Industry,this study intended to reveal the essence of the chamber as a servant to help the puppet regime control and exploit the locals using economic control.This article will also provide a new research perspective on how commerce and industry organizations in occupied areas were utilized by Japan for economical invasion.