新质生产力与新型生产关系:基于政治经济学的分析

New Quality Productive Forces and New Production Relations:A Political Economy Analysis

生产力与生产关系的辩证运动是马克思主义政治经济学的基本观点。新质生产力注重科学技术因素对社会生产的影响,强调政府的统筹、协调和组织作用,形成劳动者新技能化、劳动资料科技化、劳动对象种类和形态多样化等要素特征。新质生产力发展促进新型生产关系的形成,包括所有权类型的新样式、更为紧密复杂系统化的协作关系、适配度更高的要素市场、共享型的分配趋势等。不断调整体制机制以适应和促进新质生产力发展,是全面深化改革的着力点和发力点。要发挥新型举国体制优势,强化前沿科技创新和成果转化,统筹协调、因地制宜发展不同区域的特色新质生产力,持续完善科技、教育、人才三者之间的良性循环机制,畅通优质生产要素流动,打通新质生产力运动作用过程的堵点和卡点。

The dialectical movement of productive forces and production relations is a fundamental viewpoint in Marxist political economy.New quality productive forces emphasize the influence of scientific and technological factors on social production,highlight the overall planning,coordination,and organizational role of the government.This has led to the emergence of characteristics such as new skilled laborers,technological labor materials,and the diversification of types and forms of labor objects.The development of new quality productive forces promotes the formation of new production relations,including new forms of ownership types,closer and more complex systematic collaborative relations,more adaptable factor markets,and shared distribution trends.Continuously adjusting institutional mechanisms to adapt to and promote the development of new quality productive forces is the focus and strength of comprehensive deepening reforms.Therefore,it is necessary to leverage the advantages of the national system,strengthen cutting-edge technological innovation and scientific research achievements,coordinate and develop distinctive new quality productive forces in different regions according to local conditions,continuously improve the virtuous cycle mechanism among talent,education,and technology,facilitate the flow of high-quality production factors,and clear blockages and bottlenecks in the process of new quality productive forces.