火场血迹与血指纹显现方法研究进展

Research Progress on Recovery Methods of Bloodstains and Blood Fingerprints at Fire Scenes

血迹是刑事犯罪现场中常见的痕迹物证。在火灾现场中,由血液形成的血指纹往往是进行人身同一认定和确定犯罪嫌疑人身份的重要手段之一。而火场由于其暴露性、破坏性和痕迹间因果关系的隐蔽性,给相关物证的恢复和火灾调查工作带来了困难和挑战。尽管火灾会较大程度地破坏现场中遗留的各种痕迹物证,但通过烟尘去除技术和化学显现方法可以对血迹与血指纹进行识别和提取。本文从血液在火场中的成分变化、化学显现方法和火场烟尘清除技术三方面对火场血迹与血指纹的显现方法进行梳理,从公安机关调查火场相关刑事现场的需求角度出发,汇总分析了火场中血迹与血指纹相关的应用和研究进展,以期为涉火案件的调查提供一定参考。

Blood is a common physical trace evidence at crime scenes.In a fire scene,bloodstains and blood fingerprints are often two of the most important means of identifying a person and establishing the identity of a suspect.However,the fire scene,due to its exposure,destructiveness,and the invisibility of the causal relationship between the traces,poses difficulties and challenges for the recovery of relevant physical evidence and the investigation of the fire.Although fire destroys various traces of physical evidence left at the scene to a greater extent,bloodstains and blood fingerprints can be recognized and extracted by chemical recovery methods and soot removal techniques.This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed in the identification and analysis of bloodstains and blood fingerprints at fire scenes.It specifically concentrates on three core aspects:the alterations in blood composition within fire environments,chemical recovery methods,and techniques for soot removal in fire scenes.Considering the investigative requirements of public security organs in firerelated crime scenes,this paper summarizes the research progress and applications of detecting and analyzing bloodstains and blood fingerprints found at fire scenes,with the aim of providing a valuable reference for public security organs to investigate fire-related cases.